Print media is dead

Introduction Since the invention of the creative industry in the world, mass media has been an important industry in propelling creativity through the spread of information within this industry (Campbell Park 2008). Central to fashion and design, which form an integral part of the creative industry, the media have significantly improved the visibility of this industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Print media is dead specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Historically, print media dominated the fashion and design industry with lots of information in the industry spreading through printed newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and booklets such as the Vogue Magazine, Allure Magazine, and CT Magazine among others (Carcani 2007). However, with an intense speed in the integration of advanced information technology models, digital media seems dominative in the media industry (Salman et al. 2011). The advent of the informatio n communication industry has changed the monotonous use of print media into rapid adoption of digital media to spread information in the fashion and design industry. For instance, the Vogue Magazine has established its online Vogue website and a mobile application for fashion enthusiasts. This move has raised several concerns about the future of media with few individual aware of the changes dominating mass media. Therefore, this analytical treatise attempts to examine if â€Å"the print media is dead.† Overview of mass media Mass media is a collective term used in describing communication mediums or technologies used in transferring information to the public. The main reason behind establishing of mass media is to enhance mass communication, which covers an indispensable part of human life (Jothi, Neelamalar, Prasad 2011). There are two main components of mass media commonly used by people worldwide, which include print media and digital media (Fuery 2009). Print media is a general term used in describing all means of providing information to public using published materials. Print media involves communication using published material including newspapers, pamphlets, magazines, and handbooks. According to Fuery (2009), digital media is another means of communication, which is currently dominating the media industry. Digital media is a modern economic and cultural frontier that involves the use of computerized systems to deliver information. New media theories As evident in the current literature, very little exists connecting the perceptions existing within the modern media. However, issues pertaining to theorising new media have emerged all over the world and researchers have been gradually developing interest in such approaches (Seiter 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, theorising new media has a long history and streams i n connection with the beginning of communication studies though the new media theory began becoming more evident in 1990s. New media theory has covered mostly on the technological influence that has been influential in developing new channels of communication including television networks, digital communication platforms, and computer supported programs that facilitate quick movement of information technology. This form of communication has been in existence since the discovery of writing. It is limited to use of written words. When promoting products, this type of communication is used to tone down on the complexity of the marketing mix. This approach to communication has cemented its place in the business world because of its formality. Reflectively, written correspondence can be stored and retrieved at a future date. With the definition of good communications comprising of concise, clear, complete, considerate, correct and courteous communication, written communication fits the b ill. Besides, this approach to communication can be revised and edited severally so that the message can have the desired effect. Due to its permanency, effort is made to ensure that the value of the message is not overstated. This is because of the fact that valuable communication that is stored can be used repeatedly. In addition, written communication includes the internet, billboards, books, newspapers, street signs, brochures, leaflets, and forms among others in the fashion magazines. According to behavioural psychologists, behaviours and attitudes can be changed through conditioning. Repetition of an act followed by either punishment or rewards leads to behavioural changes. This indicates how the media can, and has been used to reinforce consumer behaviours. Imitation of authority figures form the basis on which most of the behaviours develop. Moreover, socialization process forms the basis through which learning takes place among members of a community. With the increase in g lobalization and the emergence of a global village, print media has taken a front seat in directing the learning process. This is because of the aspect of validity that is associated with written materials can be easily assimilated in the written information template to fulfil the intended purpose as was created by the advertiser. Since most of the writings are not done under pressure, the writer or the author takes his or her time in ensuring that the written materials clearly represent what was meant to be communicated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Print media is dead specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Written communication is, therefore, taken to represent the official position of the organization on a product or service by the consumers. This is more so due to the capacity for written communication to be legally binding hence makes the consumers trust it as reliable and valid especially in the fashion indus try than digital magazines. The new media theory postulates that events across the globe are ever changing in the rapid diffusion world and that at the same time, the traditional media becomes more open to investigation at the context of the arrival of new communication models. This statement may seem true given the gradual development of new digital media that is incorporating aspects of old print media. Through written media in fashion communication, the probability of salience is doubled, especially on products that are perceived as important in life. For instance, through repetition, the fashion designer is in a position to maintain familiarity in the conscious mind for a particular product as perceived by fashion enthusiasts. Therefore, through timely appeal to emotions and self prejudice, fashion advertising agencies relying on written media have realized that the human mind is often skewed towards embracing the ‘perceived goodness’ and need to identify with †˜the ideal’. Interestingly, these aspects are clearly painted as perfect in the various written advertisements about fashion products and services. Print media in the creative industry For several decades, print media have formed an integral part in the creative industry globally. Popularly described as old or traditional print media, this medium of communication still forms the basis of distinguished means of communication within the fashion media (Jothi et al. 2011). For instance, the British Vogue magazine and the US Allure magazine have more than ten million fashion enthusiasts subscribers annually. Studies have demonstrated raging debates on the survival of print media in the market with most arguments concluding that print media is nearing its end (Salman et al. 2011). However, the aging out of the print media in the creative industry seems impossible since studies are less provident on their empirical evidence denoting the aging out aspect of the print media. Seemingl y, there is no possibility of dooming print media as it still forms a significant part of fashion media and the creative industry. Specifically, the Vogue magazine of the UK recorded sales of 10 million copies in 2011 alone. Its counterpart in America recorded sales of more than 11 million copies to its loyal subscribers.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kaul (2012), states that despite the numerous changes in media history characterised by increased Internet consumption, which consequently results in globalisation in almost all aspects of communication, changes in the media landscape are most likely to remain constant. There is glaring evidence demonstrating how print media still dominate the fashion media. The majority of the digital media is used to incorporate factors that link to the print media. Alexander Wang, Jason Wu, and Philip Lim are currently leading within the New York Asian-based American designers who have managed to incorporate the design skills from South Asian countries including India and Nepal, through different print fashion magazines such as the BLND Magazine, CanCam Magazine, Elle Magazine, and the famous Glorious Magazine that dominates the Middle East fashion arena. Sherman (2013) gives comprehensive examples of triumphant designers who hailed from humble backgrounds with little technological awareness to w inning more adorable awards. According to Sherman (2013), Prabal Gurung who was the winner of the 2012 CFDA Swarovski award meant for awarding best designers of women’s wear and Bibhu Mohapatra who is renowned for being the Fashion Foundation award-winner are just but local immigrant with little exposure to technology. With their ability to integrate their local Indian culture through print media such as the Grazia, Femina, and Elle magazines, they have featured among successful designers. Culture of consumptions Print media in fashion industry remains relevant as evidenced in the continued consumption of this form of media component by fashion enthusiasts across the globe. For instance, though produced in Britain, the print Vogue Magazine has a cult like following of loyal subscribers across all the continents since players in the fashion industry find it reliable to advertise their fashion designs. Print media are a diversified component of journalistic coverage that covers fashion information in a broader spectrum (Fenton 2010). As mentioned before, print media covers fashion information using magazines, newspapers, booklets, and pamphlets (Jothi et al. 2011). Dynamics in the use and consumption of print media remain significant since they possess numerous domineering factors. The most eminent factor is the popularity of the print media. Kaul (2012) asserts, â€Å"Most individuals find reading a newspaper, a magazine, or a book to be easier on paper than via a computer screen, or watching a television program on a television set or a movie on a theatrical screen† (p. 7). With this preference aspect, familiarisation to the print media increases with the current generation passing this culture to future generations thus, making it impossible for print media to languish. Reflectively, the Vogue Italia and the Vogue Paris print magazines have remained the global tool for making fashion statements. Print media presented through printed means still have their place in the fashion media where modern means of presenting fashion are attracting modernism even in the fashion itself. The weblog manrepeller.com is an exact replica of the organised information units that skilfully demonstrate how print media is still alive and functioning despite technological forces trying to shove it away (Jenna 2013). Within this weblog, J. The crew is among the popular noted magazines that keep people posted on the daily events and issues surrounding the fashion industry with stories of common soap operas articulated in daily posts regarding their progress. According to Jenna (2013), the print magazine, J. Crew, reveals different kinds of attires that can scare men from approaching women, that’s why it harbours the name ‘Man Repeller.’ Several printed and hand drawn pictures normally feature in this magazine with important information about certain fashion and artefacts. Variety of printed features Print media has proven pivota l in the fashion industry, as fashion media has continuously embraced publishing techniques. Print media is a diverse sector providing a variety of information and features that favour diverse populations including the young and the old (Heller 2007). Having no operational complications as compared to digital computerised programs, people of all ages find it more comfortable to access information from published fashion materials including newspapers and magazines among others (Campbell Park 2008). With the comprehensive application of artistic incorporated in the print media, people find it more appealing to consume printed fashion media that have attractive features, then straining through complicated computer applications and junky programs searching for information. Covering almost every notable aspect of social interactions and romantic stories, print media remains most preferable media by adolescent and the middle-aged individuals (Schwittay 2011). Print media in fashion media still play a significant role in capturing readers from the elderly population, as it provides simple terms of perusing through the printed material compared to the eye-straining programs. Viladas (2011) arguably asserts that print media may deem useless in other paradigms of life but not in the fashion industry where printed material is becoming even more significant. Drawing facts from the exhibitions of ‘Archizines’ at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, between November fifth and December fourteenth, he managed to access over 60 contemporary architectural journals, magazines, fanzines of more than twenty different countries. Viladas (2011) notices a great influence of the print media by stating that the current fashion print magazines have developed strong following and admirable types of subscribers with the Vogue brand in the lead in number of annual sales across the global fashion arena. Advancements of printed technology Print media in all spheres of life cannot be ignored. In fact, as the world continues to grapple with the globalisation and industrialisation of information technology, print media is still reshaping itself. Kaul (2012), postulates, â€Å"newspapers are transforming to adapt to the changing media landscape and are now providing a compelling and integrated experience for readers and advertisers alike† (p. 5). Despite the changing history of media in the fashion industry and the entire journalism industry, with digital media proving equally valuable in delivering of information electronically, print media is gradually retaliating with numerous comforts (Campbell Park 2008). Print media now possesses entirely different features compared to the old print system, with attractive features and comprehensive political, social, and economic aspects embedded in printed materials (Heller 2007). Fashions designed artistically have attracted colours that catch the reader’s attention into purc hasing and consuming printed fashion materials. For instance, the design of the print Allure and Vogue magazines have never disappointed their subscribers. These magazines among others remain a fashion statement and a measure of fashion status to fashion enthusiasts. Readers can acquire printed media, which is available locally, and later use them for their own leisure activities like cutting and pasting in diaries among others. Perceived new media’s competence over old media As computerised applications become familiar to users, readers are more likely to adopt and adapt to the consumption of digital products including the enhanced digital media (Andrew 2012). The computerised media system comprises of programs and application systems such as web technologies, social networking sites, and blogs Prasad (2011). Through fashion journalism, artisans and designers have an enhanced consumption of digital media continuously through advertising and marketing their assortments using the new technology systems. In the context of websites, they form the greatest part of the Internet features that enable fashion industry to interact with people internationally (Andrejevic 2004). This assertion holds because it allows individuals to communicate easily within a given environment, its design system is capable of dealing with communication with openness as well as enhancing exchange of ideas, and opinions with large geographical cover with the fashion industry. The social networking system as an integral part of web technologies has significantly increased the possibility of digital media dominance in the fashion media and related aspects. According to Schwittay (2011), social networking technologies have increased and the subsequent impact is eminent in the world covering several social aspects of human life that influence the flow of information and can be useful in marketing fashion and designs globally. Across the globe, popular social networks have enhanced shari ng of culture, fashion, and economical aspects, which are essentials to human life (Andrew 2012). Social interactions have no particular boundaries and the majority do not have specific conditions to grant membership to users, thus encouraging comprehensive consumption of such networks that easily allow transfer of idea, opinions, and facts among artisans in the fashion industry (Prasad, 2011). These aspects also broaden the communication between consumers of fashion product designers in the fashion industry by positively increasing the influence of digital media over print media. The web application designers have enhanced digital media using their creativity to attract a large population into sharing information through social networking and other alternative sites (Andrejevic 2004). Jothi, Neelamalar, and Prasad (2011), assert that social networking websites are communities found online and are capable of sharing activities and interests typically endowing a variety of means by w hich users can interact through messaging services, videos, live voice chats, and even blogging services. Some websites and social networks are attractive, thus they pull users from different geographical areas in sharing business, social, and economical information regarding aspects of fashion and designs (Schwittay 2011). Now, within the fashion industry, the new fashion media is providing room for other attractive businesses to advertise their products in different blends of information. With the blending and simulation of a variety of product information, job deals, business ideas within fashion websites, and related blogs, there is an increase in the audiences, which may be potential customers to the fashion brands and products. Variety of IT devices In the context of IT devices using the digital application, variance in the technological devices are increasingly pushing the need of IT integration in the fashion journalism. Currently, computerised applications are possible and enhanced by the assortments in the IT devices. Some of the devices that allow computer operations include basic computers and portable devices including mobile phones, tabs, and laptops. Campbell and Park (2008) affirm, â€Å"This shift towards an age where personal communication devices are predominant gives rise to a number of important social changes† (p. 373). Due to their portability nature, the devices have changed the ways by which people access information by increasing accessibility and enhancing reliability in the provision of information in the fashion industry for readers obtain latest fashion information at their comfort zone, through quick logins. In fact, as times goes, there is the likelihood that all print media applications may entirely integrate into the digital media to enhance accessibility of information to the public as is the case with the popular Vogue and Femina print fashion magazines. Reliability of IT information By integrating IT and digital form s of communication, fashion industry has enhanced information reliability. Readers, especially the new generation, feel that digital media is more accessible and convenient. According to Campbell and Park (2008), with the increasing recognition of computerised applications, readers can obtain information about new fashion within the regions of their stay. Unlike the print media, where readers have to personally seek the most reliable data through libraries or physically purchase reading materials to obtain the needed information, web searches have enabled readers to access fashion information quickly using digital media (Schwittay 2011). Currently, there is an increase in the need to enhance media framing, which is a decisive factor in the media fraternity. According to Fenton (2010), media framing is the manner by which people present information and by framing the information, it reduces information bias and priming, thus allowing readers to share information legitimately across t he social networks. This aspect may influence fashion media positively. Mass consumption culture Digital media communication is increasingly gaining public support, thus increasing its consumption rate through developed consumption culture. Increased applications in the use of the Internet has enhanced the adoption rate in the consumerism of the digital media (Salman et al. 2011). Fashion journalism, which is characterised by enhanced modern fashions, has developed a trendy culture of consumption especially amongst teenagers who find it more fashionable to use the digitalised media system to acquire information besides being easily portable. According to Bennett et al. (1985), development in the mass society has consequently resulted to a certain culture referred to as â€Å"mass culture† (p. 35). Fork culture, which people used to practice during the historical era, is eroding, not forgetting print media as one of the old forms of communication. It has now become a family or friendly norm that people are consuming digital media depending on the subsequent trend in the rate of globalisation and industrialisation. With the increasing pace in the adoption of IT applications and enhanced mass culture, print media is likely to become doom in its use and replaced by digital media. Global efforts in adoption of IT Globally, almost all countries are positively contributing to the increase in the use of technological operations in different sectors, with mass media industry and fashion media picking courage from this phenomenon. Currently, global plans are underway to make the compulsory shift from analogue systems to digital colour communication systems (Treadaway 2004). Due to international collaboration and cooperation, the world has managed to integrate into digital systems cutting across all forms of economies including developed and developing economies that are interested in promoting their creative industries. For instance, the Vogue website and its mob ile application have proven to be more reliable than the print version. By a click of a button, subscribers with the Vogue mobile application have the opportunity to read and find new information on fashion. Other key supportive programs According to Campbell and Park (2008), despite being the oldest form of electronic media communication, televisions have remarkably played a pivotal role in the digital media since the types of televisions are changing to a more digitalised system including current innovation strategies like LCDs, LEDs, and plasma TVs. These TVs, despite being common means of electronic media, they have attractive features including bright viewing angle, backlight features, and attractive screen colour displays that make them easily consumed by clients. Characterised with global digital migration, almost the entire world will enjoy digital services, making it easier for digital media to overcome print media. In fact, the digital media is common tool for advertising the print magazines. Conclusion The creative industry has continuously employed modern strategies including the use of digital communication to enhance their marketing strategies through advertising. Despite the convenience of digital fashion media, print media has remained convenience and reliability in providing information to fashion enthusiasts across the globe. In fact, several fashion enthusiasts and fashion industry players still prefer print media to digital media given its simplicity nature, diversity in its products, and entertaining aspect in the fashion journalism. From the above reflection, it is in order to state that the print media is not dead. The print media has remained reliable in the fashion industry since print fashion magazines are associated with status and fashion statement. It is tasking to unmask quantifiable effects of written media on people’s minds since the resultant effects are sometimes negligible and very simple. However, it is apparent that written media have direct influence on involuntary response effects and the order in which they occur. Reference List Andrejevic, M 2004, â€Å"Little Brother is Watching: The Webcam Subculture and the Digital Enclosure†, in A McCarthy N Couldry (eds), Mediaspace: place, scale, and culture in a media age, Routledge, New York, pp. 109-124. Andrew, M 2012, ‘Embracing Media Advancement for Realisation of Millennium Development Goals in Kenya’, Mass Communication Journalism, vol.2 no. 5, pp. 1-3. Bennett, T, Curran, J, Gurevitch, M Wollacott, J 1982, Theories of media, theories of society in culture, society and the media, Methuen Co. Ltd, Massachusetts. Campbell, S Park J, 2008, ‘Social Implications of Mobile Telephony: The Rise of Personal Communication Society’, Sociology Compass, vol.2 no. 2, pp.371-387. Carcani, E 2007, Mapping of creative industries in Albania. Web. Fenton, N 2010, New media, old news: journalism and democracy in digital age, S age, London. Fuery, K 2009, New media: culture and image, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Heller, D 2007, Makeover television: realities remodelled, IBTauris, London. Jenna, O 2013, The man repeller. Web. Jothi, S, Neelamalar, M Prasad, S, 2011, ‘Analysis of social networking sites: A study on effective communication strategy in developing brand communication’, Journal of Media and Communication Studies, vol. 3 no.7, pp. 234-242. Kaul, V 2012, ‘Changing Paradigms of Media Landscape in the Digital Age’, J Mass Communication Journalism, vol. 2 no. 2, pp. 7-9. Salman, A, Ibrahim, F, Abdullah, M, Mustaffa, N Mahbob, M 2011,‘The Impact of New Media on Traditional Mainstream Mass Media’, The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, vol.16 no.3, pp.2-11. Schwittay, A 2011, ‘New Media Practices in India: Bridging Past and Future, Markets and Development, ‘International Journal of Communication, vol.5, pp. 349-379. Seiter , E 2000, â€Å"Television and the Internet†, in T Caldwell (ed), Theories of new media, The Athlone Press, London, pp. 99-112. Sherman, L 2013, South Asian American Designers with Strong Ties to Home Make Their Mark. Web. Treadaway, C 2004, ‘Digital Imagination: the impact of digital imaging on printed textiles’, The Journal of Cloth and Culture, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 1-14. This essay on Print media is dead was written and submitted by user Mephistopheles to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Great Poetry Collections to Read During Every Month of the Year

Great Poetry Collections to Read During Every Month of the Year 7 Great Poetry Collections To Read During Every Month Of The Year Now that April, national poetry month, has passed, you don’t have to put your beloved poetry away until next year. Short of taking a poetry class, or gathering your friends to meet at favorite places that still allow smokers with snapping fingers to enjoy their favorite spoken word artists, why not browse your local book store that remains open because it loves books so much it will not allow the Internet crunch of places like Amazon to close it out of business. Yes, feel the book in your hands folks, and get some new material to last the rest of the year. There are tons of poetry books out there that you have yet to read. Come on, get outside of your box and try something new and quirky. If you are already into quirky, try some romance poetry, or period pieces. It will also motivate you to perform custom writing.  I was recently exposed to the WWI British Poets, which includes Brooke, Owen, Sassoon, Rosenberg and Others, (it’s actually the title), and the entire cont ents had me in analyzing mode much longer than I had anticipated. Here are some of the favorites that seem to withstand time. If you have not read them, what are you waiting for. Grab a book, feel and smell its pages, there is nothing in the world like the smell of a bookstore! Edgar Allen Poe 1809  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1849, The Raven If you don’t already know this poem you are in for a literary treat. This celebrated piece is pure Poe. The Raven is based on a talking raven that comes to the home of a lover who is falling into madness due to love lost. Those who love rhyming and much alliteration will want to read this one again and again. Emily Dickinson 1830  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1886, (Any of her collections) You can’t go wrong with a collection by Emily Dickinson. This is one poet whose headstone should have read, â€Å"She did it her way.† Dickinson wrote to write. She did not fit her themes into any one genre, although the words pun, irony, satire and humor will cross your thought process while delving into the many, many lines this poet penned. Ted Hughes 1930-1998, Poet Laureate from 1984 until he died: Birthday Letters Critically acclaimed to be one of the best poets of his generation, Hughes is also famous for his controversial marriage to famous American poet Sylvia Plath, who committed suicide in 1963. Birthday Letters delves into their relationship, and one Last Letter, discovered in October 2010, gets into details what occurred during her last days before her suicide. Langston Hughes 1902 –1967, Montage of a Dream Deferred Mr. Hughes an American poet, social activist, and well-known as one of the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance wrote Montage in the form of a Jazz session. When reading this beautiful work, get ready to dip and sit, switch and groove, because it reads like a symphony of music from deep in the heart of Harlem, moving the reader uptown and downtown, through the nights and into the following day. Get your groove shoes on and join Mr. Hughes as he reflects the Harlem he loved dearly. Sarfraz Zaidi, MD: You are not who you think you are. Poetry Collection Taking a leap forward to living poets, you may want to read the works by Dr. Zaidi. He is a rising star in the medical field. His expertise with Vitamin D, the thyroid and his stress management techniques are big on you tube. This book of his writing may now always rhyme but he is stressing living in the â€Å"right now† and that is where each and every day should bring us, to our now. Happy Reading!

Style Helper APA Formatting Software

Style Helper APA Formatting Software Wouldnt it be lovely if you could have your own personal editor, to ensure that your style is correct? With the wonders of modern technology, you virtually can. With programs based on the APA Style Guide and Chicago Manual of Style, you can acquire the style helper that youve always needed. Click Here For Our Recommended Style Helper Site! What Is a Style Helper? A style helper is a program that helps you format your text according to standard specifications. Whether youre writing an academic paper or business report, you can be sure that your citations are complete and your format is correct. With templates to help get you started, writers block becomes a thing of the past. Features of a Style Helper One of the best attributes of a piece of style software is its menu. In the best APA formatting software, for instance, you should be able to insert citations and update your table of contents with a few clicks of your mouse. In the best programs, you can even automatically sort your bibliography, for ease of completion. Some style helpers even offer instant creation of a list of tables or illustrations. You can also ensure that your chapter and sections headings are correct and complete with easy tools for insertion and formatting. Once youve used these programs, you wont want to go back to referenceless guesswork.

Argument Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Argument Summary - Essay Example Therefore, government legislator and the airlines should provide enough time for the crewmembers to rest. Ordinarily, the nature of the work of the pilot is complex and this therefore calls for keenness, concentration and a high level of reasoning. This is because a slight error caused by sleep or slumber can be very tragic. Normally rest is important for any living creature so as to enhance vigilance. Pilots being human are not an exemption. They are therefore prone to error. (Nicole 23) In their published journal, International Journal of Aviation Psychology (1997), Wiegmann Douglas & Shappell Scott states that about 60% to 80% of military accidents and other aviation accidents in US are usually caused by human error. These errors involve poor decision making, the loss of situational awareness, and misleading information. These factors cause fatigue, which emanates from a lack of enough rest. The increasing rates of accidents prove that there are inadequate rests among the pilots. Normally, the pilots with a short layover have a significantly slower response speed than a pilot with longer layover time Therefore, the pilots do find shorter layover more fatigued than longer international layover. According The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research, Nicole stated that pilots are required to fly only 8 hours in one day.However; the airlines have their way to go around this rule since they overwork the pilots. A pilot is to fly for 8 hours, and then rest for 10 hours. Most of the airlines will probably make him/her fly the return flight, which makes him fly for more than he/she should fly in one day. This causes fatigue, which has been a major source of accidents. (Nicole 23) Although it is argued that the FAA increased the minimum rest time for pilots from eight hours to ten hours. The Fact Sheet – Pilot Fatigue Rule Comparison, 2011 states that the time is technically not enough because pilots need to have eight hours of

Why do we accept people who are beautiful Research Paper

Why do we accept people who are beautiful - Research Paper Example Alternatively, one can determine that no matter how other people think or judge, one is going to remain firm in being true to himself. Often when we encounter new people, we can’t help but form a quick opinion of them, going mainly by what they appear to be on the surface. It is not unusual to be wrong in forming an opinion so quickly, without being well informed. However, there is also a psychological explanation for this tendency and that is that many individuals simply do not possess the mental capability to carefully evaluate a new person that they may come across. That being said, there are no short cuts to knowing a person well enough for all his or her strengths and weaknesses, and jumping to quick conclusions hardly ever yields an accurate judgment anyway. Prior to speculating on the myriad aspects of ‘judgmental’ behavior, one such aspect that we will discuss in some detail pertains to physical appearance of people, which is, sadly often, the sole criteria for their being well accepted or not in the society. How often have we heard raving words of praise for beautiful women and handsome men, and how much more do we hear about them other that what they ‘look like’? While there is little doubt that physical beauty is very attractive and endearing, it is surprising indeed that people so often get so mesmerized that sage words such as ‘don’t judge a book by its cover’ don’t seem to click at all. It is unfortunate then that people who are good looking are often meted out a ‘preferential’ treatment over the not so ‘good’ looking ones. Let us be clear on one fact – good physical grooming, smart, well maintained appearances play an important role when it comes to appropriate social, professional, or personal interactions. Unkempt hair, gaudy clothes, grim looks reflecting contempt and distaste are far removed from what it takes to create a pleasant company of another human being. But let us suppose that all of the above

History of human Essay Example for Free

History of human Essay The whole history of humankind is inseparably linked to the changes in the dynamics of the population growth that consequently pushed the start of the process of migration. Since ancient times, humankind started to spread from its cradle across the world in quest for a better life. Just recall the Bible stories about the 40 year trip of the Sons of Israel headed by Moses across the desert in search for the land of promise. It might be a fairy tale, but nevertheless it could be the real prove that mass migrations of population have already occurred in those times. Due to absence of reliable information, it’s very hard to estimate the dynamics of people migration throughout the world up to the beginning of the XIX century. At that time European counties started to conduct population census relatively precocious to modern standards. But lets’ get back to the very term â€Å"migration†. Here’s the definitions given by the hyperdictionary. Migration: 1. [n] the movement of persons from one country or locality to another; 2. [n] the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding; 3. [n] (chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule; 4. [n] a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period). However, the definitions relating to the â€Å"people migration† is very brief and I would give the following definition to the term. Migration- is the movement of a person or a group of persons from one locality to other caused by different socioeconomic or other factors. We should differentiate between 2 main types of migration- internal- domestic (people move from one region to another within the borders of one country) and external-interstate migration (from one country to another); we also should discriminate between emigrants (leaving their homeland for a permanent settlement in oversees) and refugees-(those who seek escape from war and disasters, and those people fleeing from persecution based on political or religious beliefs). In last decades the number of people looking for a better life has drastically increased. Nowadays, at the beginning of the XXI century nearly 1 of 35 tellurians is a migrant. If all these people would live in one common state, then it would be the fifth biggest by its population country on the planet with approximately 175 millions of inhabitants. It testifies, that migration is one of the most substantial global sociological phenomenon of our times having a deep impact on the economies and societies ways of life. The last statement is completely proved by the history of the USA, the country that was founded by colonists or in other words migrants. Since the October 12th of 1492 when Columbus have discovered a New World, it became a tasty piece of pie for the European monarchies to bite- a perfect place to develop all the treasuries of new lands and spread the influence. But to conquer the New World, Old Europe needed to build settlements and it led to increase of migrants flow that went to America in hope to get richer, some to escape from never ending wars in Europe, from persecutions based on religious beliefs (Pilligrims), some to propagate Roman-Catholic Christianity. So, the conquest began, but it led to horrible results- many local ethnic groups were wiped out (South America, conquistadors). The whole territory of the New World was divided between the European powers; however the rivalry between them existed, as England was in a constant war with France and its allies. There were one more source for this tension not in Europe but in the New World- it was the population growth of the British continental colonies from 250 thousands people in 1700 up to 1. 75 million in the 1760s. Step by step England forced out France and Spain over the most territories of North America, so London had a vast territories with the population greatly spread over them to guard. With time, the colony was becoming more and more detached from the British Empire. Trying to stop this process, England tried to grab the control over the colony, but with every year the confrontation between colonists and English Parliament grew more and more, until in 1775 American revolution revolved. After gaining independence in 1783, the American society was a ethnic diversity –British (not English as migrants were arriving from all the regions of British isles), French, Spanish colonists, Africans (taken to the continent as slaves), and aborigines- Indian tribes (gradually driven out from their homeland by the colonists). So came the 19th century, the times, when all the circumstances favored the economic growth of the former colony, as there still were undeveloped and wealthy in natural resources lands. The unification of the States and abolishment of slavery favored the arrival of new migrants, so grow the labor force, and it must be added it was a cheap labor force. As a vivid example, is an American railroad system, in building of which Chinese immigrants took a great part (in fact it was build on the bones of the letter, ‘cause of the harsh conditions, absence of health security system and low pay). At those times, a domestic migration rates grew, caused by the well known discovery of gold in Alaska and California (Gold Fever). Poor people from all over the country rushed to those places in hope to find gold and get rich. By the end of 19 century the American nation still was not completely formed. It was rather a â€Å"pot mix† of nations than an ultimately formed nation. The flow of immigrants have not stopped, but received a new push after the beginning of WWI and with subsequent fall of European Empires (Austrian -Hungarian and Russian empire). In those and succeeding years, the number of emigrants from Europe, especially from former Russian Empire has drastically grown. Those emigrants helped to build the economy of the US, as many of them were not just simple unskilled workers, but in many cases intelligent persons. For example, Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky, a famous Russian-American aircraft designer, who was born in Kiev (Ukraine, state within the Russian Empire) and after the revolution immigrated to the USA. Altogether, with his friends and companion-who were also emigrants from Russia, he founded his company â€Å"Sikorsky Aviaengeneering† that some time later became a part of â€Å"United Aircraft† company. In 1972 he passed away being a honorable member of different scientific societies and having a lot of different awards. The man is gone long time ago, but still the design bureau bearing his name produce aircrafts. However, not always the migrants were warmly received. In last decades, many countries have made their policy line much tougher concerning reception and help given to refugees and immigrants. According to the UN statistics, such measures have shown themselves in increased number of refugee status accordance denial. The emigrants and refugees experienced and experience lots of problems beside the migration rules and regulations, but also the confront a much more serious problem, such as xenophobia, a highly negative attitude of native population toward the comers There’re many reasons for such attitude (just recall Martin Scorseses â€Å"Gangs Of New York â€Å"). As usually migrants are coming from the poorer states and ready to work for less money then the native population. In most cases here, the natives are afraid that comers would take their job places. Moreover, illegal migrants may easily beef up the criminal lines, as in most cases they unqualified and unable to find job. There’s also a collision of cultures and mentalities. In such rugged conditions, the migrants start to consolidate and create detached groups, living on own principles, preserving their original way of life. It’s some kind of a protective mechanism against new socium. For example, in many American cities, there’re many culturally â€Å"detached† areas such as China Town and Briton Beach (Russian quarters in Big Apple) etc. In those places, the migrants preserving their native culture and customs, it’s a place where the migrants attempt to reproduce the things they had at homeland. Nevertheless, these days, immigrants constitute an important part of a labor –market in industrially developed countries. According to the statistics of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), in many Western states, the interest for the labor potential of foreigners is on the rise. Here we could divide the demand for labor force into two categories- demand for unskilled and demand for qualified laborers. The developed countries are in a constant need for a cheap work force to work in some industries, where the local don’t want to work, for example building industry. So here help the migrant workers. These laborers in most cases work temporarily until their visa expire, then in some time they return back home otherwise become illegal immigrants. The qualified workers in most cases go to the developed countries for a permanent residence, called by the companies interested in their services. In most cases, these companies are working in the Hi-Tech sphere of business, and the latter is booming today, so there’s a lack of well qualified staff to fit the demand. As one of the examples was a problem of â€Å"Y2K†, when most of IT companies in the USA and other countries felt the need to increase the number of qualified personnel to fix the bug in computers before the upcoming of the year 2000. There’s another very interesting fact about the immigrants. It’s the money they send back home to families, they are of a great importance for developing countries economies. In values, such money transfers are taking the second place after the foreign investments as a source of oversees inpayments into the economy of developing countries. In 2002 the total amount of individual foreign transfers to developing countries constituted 72,3 billions dollars. The other important issue of that global community facing toady is illegal human trafficking. It’s not just illegal border crossing, but a very profitable business for the international crime syndicates, that proliferates prostitution, slave labor etc. This problem is or highest importance for the international community and today there’s an urgent need to consolidate all efforts of international bodies and of all the counties to stop this dirty business sucking huge profits from the eternal human strive to find a better life†¦ References 1. www. hyperdictionary. com 2. http://www. geocities. com/davidbofinger/vinland_h. htm 3. http://historicaltextarchive. com/sections. php? op=viewarticleartid=651 4. http://historicaltextarchive. com/sections. php? op=viewarticleartid=597 5. http://www. sikorskyarchives. com/indexlnk. html 6. http://www. un. org/popin/data. html 7. www. oecd. org 8. www. oecdobserver. org/

Essay on the Human Spirit in Frankenstein and Picture of Dorian Grey

Similarities of the Human Spirit in Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Grey The human spirit is one of the most beautiful forces in the world, but it is also one of the most vulnerable. In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, this idea of the human spirit is portrayed clearly. Both novels have similar aspects about the human spirit, but they also have their differences. Both novels have main characters who are influenced greatly by someone that they admire, and they are destroyed by that influence. The difference that these novels have is that in Frankenstein, the main character is influenced and destroyed by something he creates himself, while in The Picture of Dorian Grey, the main character is influenced and destroyed by his friend and mentor. Again, both novels portray the human spirit's motivation and vulnerability. In the novel Frankenstein, Victor, the main character, is driven to insanity and death by his motivation, his own creation. He dedicates all of his time and knowledge to create a living human being from dead tissue. This "monster" becomes his motivation and influence throughout the rest of the novel. Victor blames himself and feels guilt for all of th... ... Dorian converses with Lord Henry, and takes everything that Lord Henry said seriously, even though not everything that Lord Henry said was right. Basically, the difference that these two novels have over the idea that the human spirit is a very strong, but vulnerable force is that a person's motivation to do something great and his infatuation with that great thing will influence the spirit greatly, sometimes totally, and that believing in someone and somebody so much, no matter what they say, you will listen to them and let them have total control over you and your actions, even though that influence probably doesn't know that.

Fall of the House of Usher: The Mind’s Eye Essay

Edgar Allen Poe’s work Fall of the House of Usher has long been regarded as a fine example of his many psychological writings. Largely, the criticism has focused on the interactions between characters, the doubleness factors seen in the twins, and even the structure of the house itself. I find a worthy psychology to analyze within a different ‘viewpoint’, if you will: the eyes and visions of the characters. My thesis is simple. Despite the numerous references to vision and eyes within Fall of the House of Usher, Poe is showing that none of these characters is able to see through to the mind of others. The easiest way to examine this idea is to take out from this relatively short story the different incidences of sight related imagery. Then they can be looked into with more clarity and observed for consistency. Together these points all aim in one direction. The persons of the narrator and Usher are unable to capably read each other’s minds despite looking deeply into them. If eyes are truly the windows to the soul, as the popular saying goes, then psychoanalytic theories would seem to infer that a sense of ‘genuineness’ would be able to be gleaned by observing another (Hutchisson). This clue pops up immediately within the story. Not once, but twice within the very first paragraph, the narrator uses his eyes to assess the situation. He is clearly not comfortable with the summons that he has received and wants to get an idea of what it is that he is getting at. And so he uses his eyes to discern the setting. What he finds is not comforting at all! He finds that not only are his eyes looking at the house, and trying to look into the house, but that the house appears to be looking right back at him. The windows are â€Å"eye like. † And again, the windows aren’t merely eye-like once, but twice within the opening. The narrator can’t look into the house, can’t see what it is that might be going on. And so he can’t look into the house’s mind, psychoanalytically speaking. But we do know that Roderick Usher wants to have him visit. In fact, we read that his old friend wants to â€Å"see† him. A peculiar choice of wording for a visit. This is the state of mind of the narrator as he approaches the mansion. He doesn’t get far. By the second paragraph, the he stops his approach, feeling that there must in fact be something wrong, something to observe. He now uses his eyes to look up and down for clues. First he looks down into the tarn, or bog. Again, it is clear that he is trying to size up the feelings around him, not just the topography. It is not enough for him to see that the bog exists; he must instead attempt to look into it. This is a very psychologically indicative statement. Why take such care as to look into the tarn, to try and find out what is in it? Why not just a subtle and quick glance? After looking down (without success) he then lifts his eyes up to the house once more. Perhaps the windows had unnerved him by this point, for it is not the windows he looks for this time around. Now he is trying to look even closer. He is attempting to see more of the soul of the house, trying to find any deficiencies that may warn him of the mind of the mansion, and perhaps its owner. He does find a startling detail. The fissure. The very small fissure. We read that the narrator is not just browsing. He possess the â€Å"eye of a scrutinizing observer† – which is what it takes to see this â€Å"minute fissure. † This exterior crack is the indication that should have warned of the inner workings of his setting, the inner deviance of the mind (Quinn and Rosenheim). But it is not enough to dissuade him, yet. When he finally does enter the mansion, we encounter Roderick Usher for the first time. What is important here, psychologically speaking, is that this is an old friend of the narrator. He is not just meeting him for the first time, as are the readers. And how does one meet an old friend, a long lost friend who has personally summoned you? I would dare say that it would be warmer than merely gazing upon him. Yet that is exactly, according to the text, how he greets Usher. He gazed upon him, it reads. He does not come right up to him; he does not extend his hand, or otherwise greet him. Clearly he is attempting to size up Usher’s intentions, his inner psyche. He doubts Usher’s intentions. That much is clear. He has had a chance to doubt the setting, the feel of the house. And so he gazes at him. He is trying to look into the soul of his friend – according to the old expression. What does he find? This is where the psychology really begins to work itself into the narrative. Despite the pallor of his friend’s skin, the almost withdrawn, deathly body, he finds that Roderick possesses â€Å"an eye large liquid and luminous. † Is this truly so? Does anyone possess eyes of this quality? Especially intriguing is the question, does anyone who is near death possess this sort of an eye? Or is the narrator only imagining this? Is he imagining that as he himself is looking for the mind of Usher, that he is also being scrutinized simultaneously? Are they feeling each other out, and attempting to discern where the other stands? If this were true, then it would be expected that one or the other would surely figure out that they are in some sort of deep, dysfunctional disadvantage (Silverman)! Looking forward, where we know the motives of the two, isn’t it likely that they should have sorted this out? Could not Usher sense his friend’s apprehension? Could the narrator not discern the evil lurking behind the eyes of Usher? Apparently they could not, for both continue along the storyline. The psychoanalysis that we are privy to failed both of them. Soon during the first encounter we begin to find out that there is actually something wrong with the dweller of the house. But we are not fed the correct information. The text concentrates on the purely physical elements of sickness! We, as readers, can already tell that there is much more to this problem. We do not trust Roderick Usher and already feel uneasy, given the facts that I have already stated above. They psychology is one of mistrust, of looking out, looking in and getting looked at. But we are beginning to find out that the narrator is not able to see what we are. Despite the ever present commentary on seeing, looking, gazing and eyes, he is not able to pick out the danger. Instead, he relates the physical problems facing his friend. Ironically, the physical problems are just as telling about the conditions he is to find. The problem begins with the eyes. Usher explains that his eyes are â€Å"tortured by even a faint light. † Torture is a pretty strong word. It speaks of endless suffering, of attempting to get something out of the victim by pain (Hutchisson). What is the light trying to do, what is it trying to accomplish? Light generally means truth, in literature. Is the light attempting to elicit some sense of truth, of purpose, of the inner workings of his mind? Is the light trying to open up Usher for introspection? It appears so. How does he react to this? He finds it to be â€Å"torture. † And so he keeps things dark. He is telling the narrator to not look at him. He does this without words, but the message is clear. I am not going to light any lanterns or candles, he is saying. And you, you are not going to look into my eyes, to discern me. He looks to his friend for agreement. Does his friend see this growing malevolence? No. He still cannot grasp this, is not able to ‘see’ his friend. And so the room is dark and the story goes on. We are beginning to see that he is trapped here. After some time, Usher reveals that he is here with the lady of the house, a sister. The lady Madeline makes one brief appearance, vaguely flowing through the room and out. Apart from the somewhat strange talk of her upcoming death – a death that is inevitable, Usher’s story indicates (though without admitting anything), what is stranger even more is that Madeline is not talked to, or invited to stay. Does Usher not want her seen? Is he afraid of his friend looking into her eyes and seeing something uncomfortable? Why is she simply left to go her way? Certainly the narrator attempts to do some fact finding. He attempts once more to determine the psychology of the situation by looking at her. But again, Poe makes it clear: he is not just looking at her. It is specifically his eyes that are doing the looking. He must bring the attention back to the eyes themselves (Silverman). The story reads, â€Å"My eyes followed her retreating steps. † In other words, it is as if the eyes are separate from the body. The eyes themselves followed her steps. They almost operate independently. It is as if the author is trying to tell you that the eyes belong to the psychological realm, as opposed to the rest of the body’s physical realm. Which is, of course, the purpose of bringing up the idea of the eyes in the first place. After some time, the narrator is beginning to get it. He is beginning to understand that there is a difference in this reality, but he can’t quite put his finger on it. All he knows is that there is something wrong with the appearances here. Again, he cannot see into the soul and inner mind of Usher. But he does point out what he is able to observe. He knows that Usher is different than he was. Something made Usher â€Å"what I now saw him. † He is changed. There is some purposeful line that had been drawn, and then crossed. What this is remains unclear to the narrator. He doesn’t ‘see’ what is coming, can’t discern just what the change is related to. And so all he relates it that he sees something different. Of course, this near miss indicates just how close he is to the truth. His observations find him dancing around the menacing intentions of his friend. He can sense a problem – but cannot see it. The problem, naturally, is that Roderick Usher is about to kill his twin sister. For some reason, which remains unexplained, he desires someone to be there with him until the end. But as we see, at the same time that he is trying to look into his old friend’s mind and find out if he is catching on or not, he is being observed too, for mental malady. Alas, both parties are failures at this. The psychology of both is hidden from the other. Usher is about to murder his sibling. The narrator cannot see this. The narrator is unnerved for a host of reasons. Usher cannot see this, either. They both remain blinded to the other’s minds. They both remain in the dark, even at this close moment. The moment comes. Madeline is dead. Or at least dead enough to bury. The blindness of the narrator keeps him from even being able to see life and death for what it is. He believes the report of Roderick – Roderick who has looked long into his eyes and found no serious concern or doubt as to his knowledge. He even goes so far as to help him to bury her. Together they carry her down to the tomb. He consoles his friend as they accomplish the deed. He is truly unseeing about this event, its morbidity, and its sheer wanton psychology. He simply cannot see through his fears. The narrator is unable to see with his mind’s eye. He does detect a change, though. Again, he is close. He does not engage Usher in discussion. They do not share stories of old friendship at any time. They hardly even discuss the death of Usher’s sister, who turns out to have been his twin. There is still this feeling out process. They are both engaged in attempting to psychoanalyze the other; to determine motive and perhaps opportunity or advantage. What does he find of his friend Usher? Now that luminous eye is going dim. Poe writes, â€Å"The luminousness of his (Usher’s) eye had utterly gone out. † Obviously, Usher’s friend is being watchful of him, so to speak. He is looking at his eyes. Is he trying to read his friend’s soul? I think he is. This has come directly after the death and internment of his sister. But he is not trying to comfort him. He has very few words at all for him in what should be his time of need. He is instead looking at him. He remembers the luminousness of the eye in particular. He remembers being watched and so he is being watchful. He now finds the eye has changed. Shouldn’t this indicate something to him? And yet he seems to be contented with the thought that it is merely indicative of the timing, representative of the situation that Usher has found himself in, a situation of sorrow. And how is Usher looking? If we know now that the luminousness, the mysterious gleam is gone, then what can we see? What is it that the narrator is looking at? Usher, it seems, is looking at â€Å"vacancy† now. In other words he is no longer interested in looking at his old friend. The deed is done. There is no longer any need to discern the internal workings of the mind, with its doubts, and intrigues. For whatever reason that Usher brought him out into the country mansion (a motivation that we are never quite certain of, as readers), that purpose has been fulfilled. No longer is Usher interested in looking at anything. Whatever had been going on in his mind is over. The psychological back and forth between the two is over. At least for one of them. The narrator is still looking. He is really beginning to feel something is out of place here. But there is no talking. Never any talking. The eyes are what are important to this work of Poe’s. It is all about the windows expressing, or hiding the inner psychology of the person. And so Usher looks down, but his friend still is looking at him, trying to find an edge that will reveal everything to him. He has found a dying, dimming eye in Usher. No longer is there the intrigue. For a few moments in this tale, we too, are beginning to wonder just what Usher’s intent is. Is he simply done with the work he set out to do? Is he content with the ending? Is he meaning the same thing to happen to his friend? We cannot see, like the narrator cannot, because Usher’s eye has lost its light. But then it springs back to life – and this time it is much more indicative of the inner workings. Usher’s madness now comes out. And Poe reveals it through his eyes. There is now a â€Å"species of mad hilarity in his eyes. † Finally the eyes are opened enough for the narrator to see into. The window to his soul, so to speak is now displaying the mind of his mad former friend. It is all coming into sharp focus. The doubts which had been fermenting are now finalizing. It is important to note something here. This has to do with the utter psychology of the work. Psychoanalytically speaking, we are led time and time again to the eyes. There is no sharp action here. Usher does not go on a screaming rampage. He does not threaten with his words, he does not cajole. There is no pleading and there is no physical threatening. All of the above, all of the feelings of morbidity and unease and fear, comes through the description of the eyes. And the description of Usher’s eyes comes from the narrator himself. He is finally able to see into Usher’s mind, but far, far, too late. When Poe relents, when he eventually allows Roderick Usher to speak his mind, to give voice to what his eyes have been clearly showing all along, it is utter confirmation. Usher’s friend realizes that he has been right all along. In this case, hindsight was correct. Usher’s words finally give tongue to the madness he possesses. But even then, even when there is confirmation of the dementia of this man, he is obsessed, the text is obsessed, with the eyes. â€Å"Have you not seen it? † he asks of his friend. â€Å"You have not then seen it? But stay! You shall! † He is challenging him here. He is somehow poking at him almost in jest. In some mad way Usher is taunting the man for not being able to have ‘seen it’ before. He chides him for not earlier seeing that his good old friend Roderick Usher had gone mad right before him. He runs over to the windows, which of course were eyes of the house, as earlier stated and opens them. They are â€Å"freely open to the storm. † This then, is to be understood that the eyes to the soul are now open for the first time. There is no more hiding them, no more hiding the truth. Since he has done what he wanted, what he planned, and managed to do so right under his friend’s eyes, he can reveal all finally. Now Usher’s intents, his malevolence and his mind are fully opened for his friend to see. Now he can grasp the mentality of Roderick Usher. This is the one thing that the narrator does not want to do. Now that the horrible situation has unfolded and he can clearly see what has been going on all along, he wishes it weren’t so. He wants it all to go away. He wants his eyes to be closed to this scenario, to the demented madness of Usher. We get this through the symbols of the eyes and vision once more. â€Å"You shall not behold this! † he encourages Usher. â€Å"You must not! † he orders him. He then attempts to close the casements. Why would this come up? What is the big problem with the open windows and the ensuing storm? Because Poe is telling us once more that the windows, the eyes, are where the truth shall be seen and known. If only the windows were shut again, the narrator is insisting. If only I could not see what has taken place. If I can just close my eyes I can get it to go away. He does not want to face the reality that he is now seeing for the first time. And so he doesn’t try to change Usher. He doesn’t attempt to engage him in conversation of otherwise challenge him. Instead he rushes to close the windows, to shut his eyes. It is too late. Now Usher too is blind. He has seen enough of the ugly truth. He has seen that he has pulled the wool over his friend’s eyes for just long enough. The actions have passed, and the results will invariably follow. The truth will be open for all to see. He does not care whether his ugliness is displayed now. When the narrator turns to look at him once more, he finds that Usher’s eyes were now â€Å"bent fixedly before him. † No longer do Usher’s eyes have to be looked into for one to ascertain the truth now. It is all around him. The narrator’s time for discovery has passed. In the end we find the narrator still attempting to make sense of all that he saw during his stay at the mansion. He doesn’t end up by pondering these things over. He does not soliloquize at all. We aren’t even treated to what is going on in his mind. We are instructed still by images – by displays of the truth itself. He turns to see where the final lights of the storms were coming from. Where was the truth all along? Why didn’t he see it earlier? With the collapse of the â€Å"mighty walls† the narrator finally sees the inner mind of truth as it â€Å"burst at once upon my sight. † What he and Usher could not see in each other’s minds end up as â€Å"walls rushing asunder. † Works Cited Hutchisson, James M. Poe. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2005. Poe, Edgar A. â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher. † Essential Tales and Poems of Edgar Allen Poe. Ed. Benjamin F. Fisher. New York: Barnes and Nobles, 2009. Quinn, Arthur H. , and Shawn Rosenheim. Edgar Allen Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Does Television Viewing Affect Academic Performance

The insights and understanding about of this study will serves as reference to the behavior of 4th and 5th graders of Mill Creek Intermediate School watching television and its relationship to their academic performance. The approach conducted to come up with the resolutions for this topic was made through survey method. The sample size used to acquire data of the normal percent of the group was 50 respondents for 4th graders and 50 respondents for 5th graders. The equal number size of respondents for this survey will be able to compare the subject level of differences and rationalization of the selective topic.To acquired weighing result for this paper, the following determining factors were used for this survey: the profile of respondent, the program watched, duration of television viewing, and the timeslot usually watched in television. For evaluating the academic performance, the overall grade, grade per subject and overall performance in school was considered. Impression for thi s topic will answer the reader’s interest of the school age behavior towards their study and leisure moments by watching television. Data Television is one of the powerful tools of the generation.It was invented to give entertainment, to educate and delivers information of the things around us. Television carries message through variety of programs that evolves significant impression to the viewer’s way of life. For children, television is a mechanism that creates connection to their personal and social values at home and with their environment. Children also can rely on the as parents guidance in the program content they were watching. It explained that children were able to acquire learning through adults. Wherein, adults can define the level of literacy in providing right topics to be discussed for the children (Media Form, 2007).Through television, the audio-visual interpretation operates to psychological impact obtaining the high degree of recall acquired from the message being watched and it was cited in Psychological Operations Field Manual No. 33-1(1979) and Psychological Operations (PSYOP) Media Sub course PO-0816 (1983). The medium communication delivers to the viewers give impressions to what the personality that a child could be acquired and learned. As Dimitri Christakis cites studies in which more than 5,000 children also found that â€Å"pro-social† programs (think â€Å"Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood†) make children kinder and more tolerant.In fact, the linkage between good behavior and watching good programming is as strong as the link between bad behavior and bad programming. (Christakis, 2007) Based on the conducted survey, Table 1 shows that male respondent of the 4th graders answers that program with actions, suspense, adventures and violent cartoon programs in Animax appeals to them. However, female respondents prefers program that are bubbly funny in character, fiction and fairy tale programs like Disney Channel. Mo st of them render time of 3-4 hours watching television after classes which is in the afternoon. About their academic performance, both genders are doing well.As compared to 5th graders, they are more likely focus on their class standing. (See figure 1). RESPONDENTS 4th Grade 5th Grade Male 35 29 Female 15 21 Frequency of watching television 50 50 PROGRAM WATCHED Nickelodeon 5 7 Cartoon Network 13 11 Disney Channel 11 16 Animax (Japanese Anime) 19 13 Others 2 3 DURATION OF TELEVISION WATCHING 1-2 hrs. 12 28 3-4 hrs. 26 17 5-6 hrs. 10 4 7-8 hrs. 2 1 TIMESLOT USUALLY WATCHED Morning (5am-11am) 7 5 Afternoon (3-5pm) 39 43 Evening (6-8pm) 4 2 Watching TV before studying lessons in school 31 21 Studying lessons in school before Watching TV 19 29 SUBJECTS WITH THE HIGHEST GRADESEnglish 15 15 History 15 19 Math 12 13 Science 12 13 Others 8 3 Table 1. Television viewing habits of 100 respondents for both 4th & 5th graders Figure 1. 5th Graders excel more in academic than 4th Graders Based o n the conducted survey as well as interviews on both respondents, children who watched television before studying their lessons, and sleep after studying their lessons made them recall their lessons in the morning class. On the other hand, children who studying their lessons before watching television and sleep after that, made them remember the programs they have watched in the morning class. (See table 1).Since television viewing can interfere with the completion of homework assignments and reduce the amount of sleep a child gets as it shows in the duration of television watching (See table 1), excessive viewing could affect the child's grades and alertness in school, this can be showed on the lowest grades acquired by both graders in the Figure 1. However, through this survey, research found out that the amount of time which children spend on homework or studies after watching television is significantly related to how they performed in school which can be seen on the highest gra des of the respondents (See figure 1).Through performing activities (Refer table 1) done by the respondents (4th & 5th graders) showed how the affect of television viewing formed and make significance to their academic performance. Through the kind of programs that the respondents were watching as it showed to this study, connects understanding to the kind of attitude and values they have and hold as they get along with their everyday life. Research tells also that 5th grader respondents were more motivated in performing homework assignments/studies before watching television. (See table 1). They are also aware of their academic performance as compares to 4th grader.According to the Human Development biology, this is the stage wherein the child to this previous phase is called schoolchild (schoolboy or schoolgirl), when still of primary school age of 10-12. (2007), this may also the reason, of having erratic emotional transformation with regards to personal sets of values about his/ her environmental viewpoints as well as social relationship. As connoted by Clark Hull â€Å"humans have internal biological needs which motivate us to perform a certain way†. These needs, or drives, are defined by Hull as internal states of arousal or tension which must be reduced.(Hull 1943, 1952) Like in my opinion, television for children surface as need for them. Television is an art, a way to entertainment and makes fantasies of the social approvals as what they see on advertisement move along with the programs their viewing. From television viewing, it creates impressions on the programs that significantly affected to their values as they growing up. The need for providing quality-oriented programming for children is obvious. It is the responsibilities of parents or significant member of the family to give information same with guidance of things that the children viewing on television.Conclusion This paper has discussed vitality role of television viewing, which creat es affect on the academic performance of the children if not guided by their parents or significant people in their lives. Evidences and data pertains to the scope of this study also explained that the range of television viewing in long hours can make too much effect on the education of the children. It also affirmed to the idea that the relations of television viewing in the academic skills depend primarily on the content of the programs viewed.Television content brings good and bad effects in manner if not in used accordingly by the viewers. As it discussed on survey results and interviews (See table 1 and figure 1), more of the graders said that their habitual pattern on the activities like television viewing between studying lesson showed emphasis like this: watched TV ? then studying their lesson ? after that sleep. As they attend to the morning class the retention of the studied lessons appeared to be the first chance of recalling than the programs they have watched on televi sion.Though, we cannot completely deny the fact that they still remembered the programs they have watched but when they are in class, the subjects and lessons surface than TV programs. Then again, because the topic discussed were about the subjects/lessons which possible studied before sleep. In spite of that, if the other pattern goes like this: studying their lesson ? watched TV ? after that sleep. The type of TV program that was watched before sleeping, have this probability to recall than the studied lesson. Still, we cannot deny the fact that it’s a school setting, wherein the topic to be discussed is related to lessons.However, we cannot also deny that sometimes we captivated on the TV programs we watched before sleep. The order of habit in television watching sometimes affects recall. It also sometimes the reason that children have absent-minded as they say, â€Å"physically present but mentally absent†. Therefore this research concluded that, having academicall y excellence in education for 4th and 5th graders depend on the significant people like parents who can give proper guidance and training as the habits of television viewing is primarily concerned.Likewise, the attention learned from television viewing can manifest to the values of children as they grow old and matured. Recommendations The lessons thought from this study, can enlightened the following people’s concern: 1. For TV avid viewers, this study will give you insights about the system of prioritizing, organizing and knowing the value of scheduling in terms of TV viewing and studying. 2. For the future reader of this research, allow this to be your reference in the continuance of discovering more about this conducted study. 3.For my respondents who participated well to make this study explain the kind of behavior we showed in regards of relationship in television viewing as well as our performance as student in school. 4. For parents and guardian, this is a good readin g tool for having recognized our role for our children as they make television viewing a habit. 5. For my fellow classmates, may this work effort explain well and be another idea for understanding the cause and effect of television in our education. 6. For the teachers, educators and trainers, this paper will serves as an additional input for widening the virtue of education to the lives of students.

How Much Information Will an Individual Store in His or Her Iconic Memory essays

How Much Information Will an Individual Store in His or Her Iconic Memory essays How Much Information Will an Individual Store in His or Her Iconic Memory? How much information will an individual store in his or her iconic memory? In a given time, individuals are able to perceive more information than they can verbally encode. This is the process by which a visual stimulus is transformed to neurons to enable the brain to store information in the immediate memory. The rate of transfer is how fast an individual can encode something in a given time, which is stored in the immediate or short-term memory. It is stated that visual input can be stored in some medium, that later will be recalled. When the duration of the stimulus is limited, information is not properly encoded from a stimulus to a verbal code and it is lost from immediate memory. This is a cognitive process. The term icon was introduced by Neisser (1967) to refer to the brief persistence of information from a visual display after the display is no longer present. Early experimenters, such as Erdman and Dodge (1898), had been concerned with this phenomenon and asked ho w much information could be acquired at a single fixation reading. The typical finding from briefly presenting a set of letters and having the subjects report as many letters as possible (full-report) was that the perceptual span was 4 to 5 letters. In replicating Sperlings experiment we hope to see why iconic memory as well as duration recall is limited. He has shown that the duration of an icon has to do with the ability of an individual to encode the visual information. One limitation to the study of the icon is, its very brief duration. As individuals begin reporting the contents of the icon, it is already disappearing. Sperling invented the partial-report technique to overcome this difficulty. His third experiment is being replicated to understand the problem at hand. He used manipulations to control the rate at which i...

Vis-à-vis Has More Than One Use

Visvis Has More Than One Use Visvis Has More Than One Use Visvis Has More Than One Use By Maeve Maddox A French borrowing, visvis [VEEZ-uh-VEE] means literally, â€Å"face to face.† Visvis as a noun One meaning of visvis is â€Å"a political or diplomatic counterpart.† For example, a commenter in a Thai political forum refers to the US president as â€Å"Putin’s vis-a-vis in the White House.† Other meanings for visvis as a noun include â€Å"dancing partner,† â€Å"person seated opposite,† â€Å"conversational partner,† etc. Here are examples: No, replied  his vis-a-vis, with a falling inflection The man looked suspicious, and exchanged glances with  his vis-a-vis: both were middle-aged, and of the very middle class. She did not wish to  dance; she was faint- she had no  vis-a-vis. As a noun, visvis can also mean meeting, interview, or rendezvous: Thus, a  suitor  having a discreet  vis-a-vis with  his beloved would cautiously ascertain her fathers whereabouts Visvis as an adverb The literal meaning is implicit in the use of visvis as an adverb, like this example from a movie site: All the star teams dancing efforts are honeys. Miss Rogers in this one goes beyond the role of dancing vis-a-vis for Astaire and emerges as a corking stepper in her own right. Note: This quotation uses for, but to and with are more common when the adverb takes a preposition: â€Å"dancing vis-a-vis to Astaire,† â€Å"seated vis-a-vis with her uncle.† Here are two more examples of adverbial use: Dancing vis-a-vis  they again sidestepped and each position was repeated five or six times. The design represents two females,  seated, vis-a-vis, upon chairs without  backs. Visvis as an adjective In cruising the Web for examples to use in this post, I came upon a Mercedes advertisement for the Ares Atelier, S Class XXL. The description boasts â€Å"Vis-a-vis first class seats.† These are seats arranged so that passengers face one another. Visvis in corporate-speak Visvis is frequently met in writing about government and business, in which the term is used to mean regarding, concerning, relating to, compared with, with respect to, or re. Here are examples of this usage: History of US policy vis-a-vis Cuba inconsistent at best That’s one of the reasons the President made the decision he made vis-a-vis US companies in the telecommunications area. Moscow has visibly hardened its stance vis-a-vis the West even as President Vladimir Putin arrived in Milan late Thursday for the ASEM summit With the rise of Spender and Whitlam as dominant influences in the early 1950s, Australia’s policy became marked by an emphasis on the distinct nature of moral human rights  vis-a-vis  legal human rights. Note: The OED, Merriam-Webster, and The Chicago Manual of Style all show visvis with the accent, but most of the examples I found were written without an accent. The expression is not italicized. The use of visvis to mean â€Å"with respect to† seems to me to be an unnecessary obfuscation and waste of the â€Å"face-to-face† sense. Writers who desire to decorate their writing with a French expression that means â€Å"with regard to† or â€Å"in respect of,† can always fall back on apropos. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)In Search of a 4-Dot Ellipsis20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Theater Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theater - Research Paper Example According to Stanton and Banham (1996), the first recorded theater of this type was a performance held in Egypt in 2500 BC enacting one of the sacred plays of the myth of Osiris and Isis. In the west, though, the beginning of theater is generally recognized as having its start in Ancient Greece, resurging going into the Renaissance and changes coming into the modern age. Greek theater history starts with Thespis, apparently a playwright whose name is recorded in history as the first winner of the play competition in honor of Dionysus in 534 BC (Wicker, 2004). It is from Greek theater that we get most of our current conventions, language and definition. In Greek theater, the play was generally narrated by a chorus who would let the audience know what they were supposed to be seeing and the background information of the story being told. Sometimes they took part in the action as they interacted with the principle characters. Under Greek influence, the theater developed into two major camps – the comedies and the tragedies. Major playwrights in the ancient period were Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes and Menander (Wicker, 2004). These men did much to develop theater into a fully-told story complete with actors, histories and a somewhat scientific approach to the development of story. As the Greek society began to fade, the rising Ro mans adopted their entertainment and brought it into further development. Some of the famous playwrights of this period included Terence and Plautus (Wicker, 2004). Like the Greeks, the Romans generally performed their plays in large amphitheaters where the audience would sit on graduated rows of horseshoe-shaped terraces while the actors would perform on a stage set at the base of these rows in the center of the pinched horseshoe opening. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans reduced the importance of their plays to