TV and Film Violence Essay Example for Free

Television and Film Violence Essay Does the brutality in films and on TV add to viciousness in the public eye? This inquiry has been bantered for quite a long time. During that time about 2,500 books and articles have been composed on the impacts of TV and film brutality on human conduct. In this article would sum up some the most recent intuition regarding this matter. The aftereffects of one of the most broad examinations at any point done regarding the matter of savagery and TV were discharged in 2003. Scientists followed 329 subjects more than 15 years. They found that the individuals who as youngsters were presented to brutal TV shows were substantially more prone to later be sentenced for wrongdoing. Analysts said that, Media savagery can influence any youngster from any family, paying little mind to social class or child rearing. Young ladies who observed in excess of a normal measure of brutality would in general toss things at their spouses. Young men who grew up viewing savage TV demonstrates were bound to be vicious with their spouses. Analysts finished up in Developmental Psychology that, Every savage TV show expands somewhat the probability of a kid growing up to carry on more forcefully. Well gander at a greater amount of the exploration in a second. Canada was one of the principal nations to broadly explore this issue. The aftereffects of their examinations incited a portion of their designers to devise the V-Chip. As you may know, the V-Chip permits guardians to bolt out TV programming they think about shocking to their kids. In spite of the fact that the worry in Canada was fundamentally savagery (consequently the V-chip), in the United States there is likewise extraordinary worry about sexual substance presumably more than in most other industrialized social orders. Thus, the V-chip can be modified to screen out both brutality and sex. Cause-Effect Proof An unmistakable reason impact connection between media savagery and viciousness in the public eye is entangled by the way that youngsters are normally presented to numerous upgrades as they grow up, huge numbers of which could assume a job in later conduct. For instance, during a childs life we cannot limit the job of such things as brutal computer games, the social estimations of guardians and companions, or general day to day environments. On the off chance that you eat something that you have not attempted previously and quickly become ill, you will most likely expect theres an immediate connection between the two. What's more, if at some later date you disregard your first experience and eat something very similar once more, and promptly become ill once more, you can be genuinely certain that whatever you ate makes you debilitated. No advanced science here, simply clear circumstances and logical results. Shockingly, with regards to brutality in the media, the circumstances and logical results isn't as promptly evident. A couple of decades prior you would see specialists in TV plugs embracing a specific brand of cigarettes. Numerous clinical specialists smoked. Not today. Today the proof is clear: smoking is the main source of preventable heath issues and unexpected passing in the United States. In spite of the fact that for a considerable length of time the cigarette makers stifled proof that connected smoking to medical issues, in the end the reason impact relationship got evident to any individual who needed explore the realities. In contrast to the circumstances and logical results in the case of your eating something and promptly becoming ill, the impacts of cigarette smoking arent quickly evident. Its solitary years after the fact that numerous smokers create lung malignant growth, heart issues, emphysema, sexual issues, and so forth. Similarly subsequent to taking a gander at long stretches of collected information were presently perceiving a connection between savagery in the media and social issues. The consequences of an investigation discharged in March, 2002 that followed 700 male and female adolescents over a seventeen-year time frame indicated an unequivocal connection between TV seeing propensities and demonstrations of animosity and wrongdoing in the later life. All other conceivable contributing ecological components, for example, destitution, living in a rough neighborhood, and disregard, were calculated out of this examination. As indicated by one of the creators of the investigation, the discoveries help concrete the connection among TV and savagery. The investigation is point by point in Science. | Violence and TV Ratings Its notable that TV savagery holds a fascination for most watchers and this fascination converts into evaluations and benefits. Along these lines, most media officials have been hesitant to concede that media brutality is in any capacity answerable for viciousness in our general public. In the event that it werent for the appraisals and benefits included, makers would without a doubt be significantly more ready to recognize the mischief in TV and film viciousness and take care of business. After numerous secondary school understudies kicked the bucket in a shooting frenzy at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in April, 1999, numerous individuals rushed to accuse the media. Fierce computer games and a notable film were viewed as contributing elements. All things considered, a reasonable circumstances and logical results is difficult to set up. For instance, a large number of youngsters were presented to both of these impacts for the duration of their lives without going on a deadly frenzy. Yet, when you include extraordinary resentment, simple access to firearms, and an unconcerned and irreverent mentality toward the lives of others, the outcomes can be totally different. In 1992, TV Guide charged an investigation of an average 18-hour TV communicate day to decide levels of brutality. The systems and the more well known link channels were checked for intentional, obvious, purposeful conduct including physical power or weapons against others. There were 1,846 demonstrations of viciousness that separated along these lines.

Civilization in Africa

The period of African human advancement is a pre-pilgrim history of 16,000 BC through 1800. Africa is notable with decent variety of culture and numerous provincial experts. The human progress runs generally from the social and social perspectives. It doesn't reject the innovation and the economy.From a goal outline, it will be exhibited that accounts and development of Africa since 1800 is an intimation to understanding the basic jobs played by the African individuals and landmass all in all in the family history of human race. The point †human advancement in Africa is boundless. We will consider each heading in brief.IntroductionAfrica is an enormous mainland of monstrous populace clans and size, nearly covering an entire twelve million squares scene in miles. This separation is times three of the United States of America. Lion's share of the land mass is arranged along the globe tropics. Others are downpour woods, tropical timberland including under 10% of the continent.Much of its surface is wrapped by open prairie, Savanna’s forestation, dry plain land and deserts. In topographical and land terms, Africa is framed by various â€Å"high levels broken in the east by the Great Rift Valley and the mountains that encompass it; huge waterways †River Congo, River Nile, River Zambezi, and River Niger.Begin in the inside of the landmass and stream to the ocean over the incredible falls and waterfalls; this denotes the channel starting from the plateau the coast†.The Ghana EmpireColonized in the southeastern Mauritania, Western Mali, and Eastern Senegal. It started in the eighth century with a sensational float in Sahel economy region southern Sahara. At first, camel was presented. This went before Muslims and Islam hundreds of years back. Afterward, there was presentation evolutional exchange, broad gold, ivory, and salt resources.These were sent to North Africa, Middle East and Europe in a trade or other required produced products and items . The achievement of the domain was associated notwithstanding previously mentioned trade, from rich â€Å"trans-Saharan exchange gold and salt†. They oversee other rewarding exchanges. Notwithstanding its prosperity, Ghana could harbor armed force of more than 200,000 soldiers.The Mali EmpireFounded by Sundiata Keita, and rules from 1235 to 1600. Also called Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa. Of significance are the social impacts Mali Empire had on West Africa in â€Å"terms of language, laws and customs.† Kouroukan Fouga reigned in Mali Empire with an outstanding social and financial change, soothing mal-took care of slaves, empowering ladies in power.Mansa Mari reigned vanquished a few symbols in Mali domain. With this, he decided a bigger domain that out ways that o Ghana Empire, stretching out over a thousand miles east to west. Having brought together Manden, Mari included â€Å"Wagara goldfields† among the vanquished lands were northern business towns Oula ta and Audaghost. Mali Empire was to be sure great.The Mutapa EmpireSimply implies â€Å"conquered land†. The domain was made by Rozi o the present day Shonans. â€Å"The author of the decision line was Mbire, a semi-legendary overlord dynamic in the thirteenth century. Mbire's implied incredible extraordinary grandson Nyatsimba was the primary ruler to accept the title of the â€Å"owner of the Conquered Lands and Peoples.†Mutapa Empire endure dependent on the Chinaware and textures were traded for lavish gold before the states fallen and moved to Mount Fura. Portuguese endeavored to overwhelm Shona yet fizzled (Fernand Braudel).CivilizationAgricultureOwing that the main trained developments were sorghums and millets, the cause of horticultural human advancement is followed far toward the West Asia. The channel of rural transportation is set apart to have gone through the Egypt or Ethiopia; the two of them had contact with the Red Sea. The agrarian human advancement is followed far as 3000 B.C.The paper of Sahara, moving individuals toward the south sub-Saharan African gives a continued fish cultivating to job. African started to plant and build up its own yields. This didn't even now reject caution gathering on import nourishments from neighboring mainland in addendum. The primary region for African crops’ training ranges between Ethiopia through the southern Sudan to West Africa.The achievement of prior yields offered certainty to planting other money harvests, for example, bananas which were presented from the Southern Asia. In sixteenth century, maize, manioc, apples and different yields spread through the land from America.Livestock raising additionally began from outside the African mainland. Dairy cattle for instance were presented from Asia. Ponies spread across Sudan to West Africa from West Asia through the Hyksos †trespasser in Egypt. Live stock serves a mean of endurance in the dry area of Savanna belt and the Sahara.The spread of cows were essentially restricted by tsetse fly in certain piece of Africa. The fly is a bearer of causative life form causing resting ailment. As indicated by specialists, â€Å"the tsetse prospered in wet swamps territories beneath the ocean level of 3300 feet, and it seriously restricted pastoralism and furthermore upset the utilization of animals for cultivating and transport as away of life in huge zones of West and focal Africa.†Technological driftThe human advancement of Africa recorded an innovative move from innovation of stone to innovation of iron. The moving prior went consecutively through the phases of copper and bronze metallurgy. The Phoenicians moved the information on iron purifying innovation from Near East and Anatolia of Africa to their colonies.The information on iron refining had been in presence for over a thousand years B. C. From here, iron innovation moved toward the Western Europe. A portion of the confirmations of iron innovation startin g in Africa despite everything stay in significant piece of Nigeria culture, Ghana, and Mali.In the unrefined African, iron represented an ownership of Power. The metal forger made instruments and weapons from iron, the assets of which affirm the proprietors a significant spot in the society.America got late improvement in metallurgy. In the present humanized Africa, Africans have discovered a superior use in making cutleries, utensils and as a mean of income age fro exportation.EconomyAfricans for the most part possess a little walled in area with poor sanitation. This inferable from the poor economy condition prompted various avoidable and preventable winning illnesses. The governmental issues of bringing in crude materials to back the economy and create Africa stressed the provincial masters.The first pioneer reaction was somewhat a transition to isolate Africans from Asians and Europeans, and set up control laws, subsequently, the foundation of politically-sanctioned racial segr egation arrangement in South Africa in 1950. This approach later spread to Nairobi, Harare, Lusaka.With the hauling monetary downturn over years previously, costs of African sending out items fell definitely, prompting an articulated financial downturn and emergency. Initiatives of Africa loan some assistance from edified landmasses to rescue the enduring masses.With the information, the digging organizations for instance started to favor perpetual laborers, specialists changed some solid approaches to impact change and encourage development.The new arrangements principally fortified the land control by people, city development and all things considered make life simpler for a superior organization. Continuation of the presentation of the politically-sanctioned racial segregation arrangements, the urban relocation got an increase in 3.3% and an in general of 4.6% in Africa. A few difficulties that the approach is territorially limited. The development in economy further supported numerous other human progress plan Africa. Social luxuries and administrations, including grade schools, auxiliary schools, and even some tertiary organizations were constructed near the finish of the frontier era.With the aggregate help and the recover of financial downturn in 1930, foundations were created to meet the curious need of the individuals/masses. These were street developments, power network erection, and arrangement of borehole water among others.EducationGradually in mid 90s, African starts to go the world over looking for westernization. The revelation of western training has been a significant brake through in the continent.Through instruction, African turned out to be essentially free to deal with her own wellbeing, however with the restricted capacity to produce medications and gear. The appearance of data and innovation in the present edified Africa is a profit of scholastic freedom from numbness and hard life.ConclusionBut for progress, hard boat and sufferings would sum a slow wiped out of the human source itself-the African land. On the size of improvement numerous grounds are yet to be vanquished for African ward. Over 60% of Africans’ every day needs are as yet dependent on importation, the immense obligation to World Bank and IMF is a monetary oppression that talks uproarious of immature but then humanized Africa.When will Africa and the whole dark race be liberated from terrible authority that neglected to concentrate on the relevant needs in light of a legitimate concern for its economy? When will our mom land that brought forth countries be recovered from progressive dynamic annihilation? With an enlightened use of African inexhaustible characteristic assets, the room is generally open to ingested anticipating advancement and full civilization.ReferencesLobell, Jarrett (July/August 2002). â€Å"Etruscan Pompeii†. Archeological Institute of America 55 (4). Recovered on September 2007.Libourel, Anthony, Jan (1973). â₠¬Å"A Battle of Uncertain Outcome in the Second Samnite War†. American Journal of Philosophy 94 (1): 71. Recovered on Sep. 2007Diamond, Jared (1999). Weapons, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Norton.

Classes to Take for Psychology in High School

Classes to Take for Psychology in High School Student Resources Print High School Classes to Take for Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 Don Mason / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers What classes should people take in high school if they plan to major in psychology during college? Psychology classes would be ideal, of course, but many U.S. high schools only offer one or maybe two such courses â€" if they offer them at all. The reality is that the first exposure most students have to psychology is when they take Psych 101 during their first year of college. If you are thinking about majoring in psychology when you get to college, it is a good idea to start preparing as soon as possible. Taking specific high school courses can help you succeed in your college-level psychology classes. Just because your high school has a limited selection of psychology classes does not mean that youll be shortchanged on your academic preparation for college. Which Classes Should You Take Now If You Plan to Major in Psychology? Generally, you should focus on building a solid background in science and math while you are in high school. Excellent writing and communication skills are also essential, so English and speech courses can also be beneficial. In order to get a better idea of what high school classes you should take, schedule an appointment with your guidance counselor to discuss your academic plans. Your counselor can offer further advice on which courses might help you reach your goals. Browse through program catalogs or look at the course requirements of psychology programs online in order to learn more about the classes you will have to take in college. Some of the courses you should consider taking in high school include: AP Psychology If your high school offers an AP Psychology course, then you should benefit from this great opportunity. Not only does this course provide a great introduction to psychology, but it may also allow you the chance to earn college credits that will give you a head start on your degree. Writing/English/Speech Psychology students are expected to communicate effectively, both in verbal speech and in writing. Taking writing and speech courses in high school is a good way to develop solid communication skills that will be very useful later on. Biology Psychology and biology have a great deal in common, so taking high school biology courses can be very helpful. During your university studies, you will cover topics such as cell biology, human anatomy, brain anatomy, genetics, and evolution â€" topics all covered in high school biology courses. Algebra and Statistics Statistics play a vital role in psychology research, and nearly all psychology programs require at least one statistics course. Taking math classes in high school is a great way to ensure that you are prepared for the demands of college. High school courses in algebra and statistics will help you learn more about concepts including independent and dependent variables, exponents, probability, and graphs. Social Sciences Many university psychology programs recommend that high school students take plenty of social science courses including economics, history, government, geography, and sociology. These courses help increase your general knowledge base and help you develop critical thinking skills that will be important later in your academic studies and professional career. Final Thoughts Even if your high school does not offer psychology classes, there are still plenty of courses you can take that will help you later on in college. Psychology majors need a solid background in topics such as life science, social science, math, and communication. Concentrating your studies on such topics during high school will help give you the knowledge you need to succeed as a psychology major.

Fantasy Literature - 842 Words

Fantasy Literature and Fantastic Language ENG 290 Rachel De Luise University of Phoenix For the assignment I am to choose one poem and one work of fantasy from two different cultural traditions. Choosing the fantasy was easy, but choosing the poem was a little difficult for me. For the poem, I chose â€Å"High Flight† by John Gillespie Magee, Jr. The poem was listed in our textbook as a sonnet. A sonnet is a very old form of poetry, having gained prominence during the Renaissance period. It is also very sophisticated form and therefore not found much in poetry for children(Russell, Chapter 6, 2009). A sonnet contains fourteen lines; each line with five iambic feet or ten syllables. The rhyme scheme follows one of two different†¦show more content†¦The writer used fantasy to describe what it might be like in heaven and all things you can do in heaven. I think the fact that this is a poem is great. Poems are a good way to appeal to people. Especially in the world today. Poems do not take that much time to read or comprehend. They are simple and get the point across in a fun way. After reading this poem I think it represents kinesthetic images because kinesthetic images refers to actions or motions. The work of fantasy I chose is â€Å"Peter and Wendy.† A fantasy is any story of the impossible. Peter and Wendy is a fantasy story that is now called â€Å"Peter Pan.† Peter is a boy who does not want to grow up. He flew into Wendy’s room and lost his shadow. Once they found his shadow Wendy sewed it back on so he would not loose it again. While getting his shadow sewn back on Peter began telling Wendy and her siblings stories of Neverland. He told them that in Neverland you never have to grow up. Wendy and her siblings wanted to go with Peter. Peter sprinkled them with pixie dust and they all flew to Neverland where they met The Lost Boys, Captain Hook, and Tiger Lilly. Their journey to Neverland was filled with action and fantasy. In my opinion this fantasy would be considered a journey fantasy because they a ll go on a journey to Neverland. It can also be considered a magical fantasy because people do not really fly. I thinkShow MoreRelatedThe Establishment Of Wrongness : Fantasy Literature Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Establishment of Wrongness Fantasy literature typically follows the same formulaic flow of story through wrongness, thinning, recognition, and healing or return. Despite this typical progression of story, the way novels approach these themes and thread them together differs between each author. Wrongness, the recognition that the world is or is about to change, is the start of the chain reaction that pushes the story further. Three novels that provide variations on this theme are, The Year ofRead MoreHow Is A Fairy Tale Different From A Juvenile Fantasy Literature Novel?1761 Words   |  8 Pagesjuvenile fantasy literature novel? Many times both the fairy tale and the novel contain similar elements that make up a fairy tale, but why are they categorized differently? Is it the length of the novel compared to the fairy tale? Or is it something else? According to Crago, â€Å"A fairy tale is a narrative form which represents a society’s collective concerns with some aspect of ‘growing up,’ and it explores these concerns at the level of magical thought† (176). The juvenile fantasy literature novel,Read MoreThe Hero s Journey With Female Characters Within Epic Fantasy And Young Adult Literature Essay2336 Words   |  10 Pagesmy dissertation, I will be writing a young adult epic fantasy novel in order to explore whether or not there is a change in expectations to the hero’s journey if the hero is female rather than male. 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Reading of books whether good or bad will helpRead MoreComic Cons: Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature 1297 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Comic Cons are conventions targeting a fan base of comic book, science fiction and fantasy literature enthusiasts. Cons, as they’re known by loyal fans, contain elements of a trade show and have grown in popularity since their inception in the early 1970s. In the beginning, comic book conventions and science fiction conventions, for the most part, remained independent of one another. In the last decade, however, they’ve fused to form international mega-conventions, in which crowds inRead MoreChildrens Literature Midterm Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional literature that answer questions about natural phenomena as acts of deities 2. The STW (see, think, wonder) strategy helps children develop visual literacy 3. Which subcategory of fairy tales most frequently uses animals as characters? Trickster tales 4. Which category of traditional literature is also considered poetry? Ballads 5. Which book was the FIRST significant fantasy novel ever published? Black Beauty 6. Tall tales originated in the U.S. 7. Type IV animal fantasy (told thoughRead MoreEscapism in Childrens Literature887 Words   |  3 PagesChildren’s literature can take many forms, from far-fetching science fiction to spell binding who-done-it mysteries. One of the most popular ideas presented in these various forms is that of escapism. The characters in these stories explore quite complex social issues in ways that are less confrontational then realism. One might consider why escape is such a central theme; as a child there are numerous benefits to fantasy, it allows readers to experiment with different views of the world and takesRead MoreEssay on Identifying The Day We Were Dogs1017 Words   |  5 PagesIdentifying The Day We Were Dogs      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether or not The Day We Were Dogs (1993) is a magical realist story is questionable. Often stories are misidentified because of the closeness of literature such as magical realism, the fantastic, and the sublime. The story leaves a lot to ones imagination instead of presenting it in the text. Elena Garro blends two days and two completely different worlds together in this story. The magical elements depend on how one uses his or her imaginationRead MoreThe Hobbit And Lord Of The Rings1510 Words   |  7 Pagesgenre-defining fantasy works such as The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings, before there even existed an actual fantasy genre at all, Lord Dunsany masterfully crafted the fantastical The King of Elfland’s Daughter, an opulent tapestry of a tale of what could happen in a typical fairy tale following the â€Å"happily ever after.† Writing in the early years of the twentieth century, Lord Dunsany was a pioneer in the fantasy genre. He very much belonged to an earlier, perhaps more enlightened age, when fantasy writersRead More C.S. Lewis on Misunderstanding Fantasy Essay4960 Words   |  20 PagesC.S. Lewis on Misunderstanding Fantasy â€Å"Good stories often introduce the marvelous or supernatural and nothing about Story has been so often misunderstood as this.† On Stories—C.S. Lewis The early decades of the last century saw the loss of credibility of fantasy literature among the academic elite who ruled it a popular genre with little to no scholarly merit. Little that had had the misfortune of being dubbed fantasy had escaped the blacklist cast upon the field. Many

Trade Between The United States And Australia - 1610 Words

Trade The United states of America and Australia are very effective trading partners. They trade through the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement, which is a preferential trade agreement that was signed on the 18th of may 2004, but came into effect on the 1st of January 2005. APEC is a trade organization that incorporates 21 nations within the Asia Pacific region, and is used to discuss matters between these nations. Australia and the US are a considerably large distance away from each other, promoting communication through a third source; Guam. Finally, the US has a very detailed demographic statistic, much due to the nearly 319,000,000 people. Through these sub points, Australia’s trade agreement with the US is a very key†¦show more content†¦Australia s equalization of exchange has been unsteady as of late. In the period since 1994, little exchange surpluses were accomplished in 1997 ($0.8b) and in 2001 ($4.3b), with exchange deficiencies happening in every singl e other year. The exchange shortage was a record $22.4b in 2003, because of a blend of elements including the serious dry spell influencing rural fares, the high estimation of the Australian dollar in respect to different monetary standards, and the effect of the war in Iraq on global travel. Australia imports generously a larger number of merchandise and administrations from the USA than it fares to it. As shown in source B1, exports to the US are 15,533 million AUD, compared to the 39,181 million AUD that is imported from America. Australia’s exchange deficiency with the USA has enhanced marginally since 1998, from a top of $14.2b in that year, to $12.5b in 2003. It was at its most minimal in 2011 at $10.7b, when the $A conversion standard was least against the $US. Somewhere around 2010 and 2012 Australia s fares to the USA were worth over $16.2b every year, except they tumbled to $14.2b in 2013. The USA got 10% of Australia s aggregate fares in 2013, down from 12% in 2010. The USA s relative significance to Australia as a wellspring of imports has declined relentlessly in the course of recent years (down from 22% of aggregate imports in 1998

Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe Free Essays

string(165) " research is in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Bachelor of Commerce Honours Degree in Accounting at the National University of Science and Technology\." CHAPTER ONE [pic] 1. Introduction At independence in 1980 the Zimbabwe dollar replaced the Rhodesian dollar at par at a rate which was higher than the American dollar. Although this quickly deteriorated, it was not until the late nineties that a series of events led to the demise of the Zimbabwean dollar. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2008 in an 18-month ‘experiment’, foreign currency was accepted as legal tender for transactions with a set number of retailers. Honorable Members will be aware that in the hyper-inflationary environment characterizing the economy at present, our people are now using multiple currencies for day to day business transactions, alongside the Zimbabwe dollar. These currencies include the South African Rand (ZAR), United States Dollar (USD), Botswana Pula (BWP), Euro, and British Pound Sterling, among others. In line with the prevailing practices by the general public, Government is, therefore, allowing the use of multiple foreign currencies for business transactions, alongside the Zimbabwe dollar. †[1] However, months later, in March of 2009, the newly instated Finance Minister, Tendai Biti, announced that the Zimbabwe dollar would be suspended indefinitely. [2] The main argument in this piece is that the Zimbabwean crisis in the 2000s and the subsequent stabilization of the economy were made possible by the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy in 2009. This article investigates the recent monetary experience of Zimbabwe with dollarization. It shows how dollarization has allowed Zimbabwe to quash hyper-inflation[3], restore stability, increase budgetary discipline, and re-establish monetary credibility. This paper analyses the effects of the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy in 2009, in the wake of devastating hyper-inflation and a political crisis that reached its zenith with the electoral crisis of 2008. Though there is a direct nexus between the two processes, the former cannot be exclusively ascribed to the latter; there are a host of other issues that have contributed to the economic and financial breakdown in Zimbabwe. 1. 11 The Background to the Problem The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) was forced to revalue the Zimbabwean dollar, three times in a space of less than three years, because of rampant hyper-inflation in the country. In August 2006, in an operation called ‘Sunrise 1’, the RBZ removed 3 zeroes from Zimbabwe’s currency and promised to introduce a new currency in the near future. In August 2008, exactly two years after the first revaluation, the RBZ slashed a further 10 zeroes from Zimbabwe’s currency, calling this ‘Sunrise II’. Rampaging hyper-inflation forced the government to erase another 12 zeroes in early February 2009. This was ‘Sunrise III’. Thus, a staggering 25 zeroes had been slashed from the Zimbabwean currency within a space of only three years. The hyper-inflation was just unsustainable, and when the Zimbabwean dollar was officially shelved in March 2009, the highest single denomination was a 100 trillion dollar note. When the 100 trillion dollar note was introduced on 16 January 2009, it was worth the equivalent of US$ 30 on the parallel market. The establishment of the Government of National Unity (GNU) saw the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy and the shelving of the Zimbabwean dollar in March 2009. Dollarization is a portfolio shift away from domestic currency to foreign currency, to fulfil the main functions of money – store of value, unit of account, and medium of exchange. It is typically a result of unstable macroeconomic conditions and is a rational response of people seeking to diversify their assets in the face of heightened domestic currency risk. Efforts to revive the battered Zimbabwean economy, largely through the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy are assessed through the lens of the banking sector. The banking sector thrived during the peak of the Zimbabwean crisis, as most banks became key players in highly speculative activities in areas such as Zimbabwe’s bullish stock exchange and real estate. The profits that were being realized in the banking sector trickled down to their workers who became the best remunerated workers amongst all the sectors in Zimbabwe. With dollarization of the economy in 2009, the once vibrant banking sector was suddenly facing the grim prospect of disintegration, which had plagued sectors such as teaching during the peak of the Zimbabwean crisis. The banking sector was adversely affected by the dollarization of the economy, as the speculative activities that were reaping huge rewards for the banks were wiped out overnight by the adoption of more stable currencies at the expense of the precarious Zimbabwean dollar. This spelt disaster for the banking fraternity, as most banks in the first few months of dollarization struggled to pay their workers in hard currency and instead were forced to downsize their operations and lay-off some of their employees. The paper argues that in complete contrast to most sectors in the economy, the banking sector boomed during the crisis, and the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) monthly remuneration lists in 2008 saw the banking workers consistently topping the lists. However, the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy turned the tables on this once prosperous sector, as bank workers like the bank tellers and other clerical workers found themselves being laid-off, as most banks struggled to remunerate their workers in hard currency. 1. 12 Objectives ? To assess the performance of the banking sector before and after dollarization. To investigate the effects of dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy on the banking sector. ? To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of dollarization on the banking sector. 1. 13 The Research Problem The effects of dollarization on the banking sector after the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy. 1. 14 The Research Question What effect does the dollari zation of the Zimbabwean economy have on the banking sector? 1. 15 Sub Questions 1. What is dollarization? 2. What are the forms of dollarization? 3. What are the costs of dollarization? 4. What are the benefits of dollarization? 5. What impact does dollarization have on the banking sector? 6. Was dollarization a success in Zimbabwe? 1. 17 Significance of the study To the researcher The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Bachelor of Commerce Honours Degree in Accounting at the National University of Science and Technology. You read "Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe" in category "Papers" It will allow the researcher to have a deeper understanding and both theoretical and practical knowledge in the area of research and encourage a practical application of theoretical concepts on the area under study. To the banking sector The research is set to provide enlightment on the impact of dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy to the banking sector. To the university The research project will assist the university in coming up with a curriculum on the study of the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy and the impact that it had on the banking sector. 1. 18 Assumptions ? All respondents have adequate knowledge of the developments in their particular organizations. ? Respondents will give truthful responses adequate to make reasonable inferences. The researcher assumes that respondents will respond within a reasonable time period to enable the timetable to be adhered to. ? The researcher assumes that he will have enough financial resources to meet all the expenses. ? There will not be institutional disturbances that could delay completion of the project. ? Secondary data will be available. 1. 19 Literature Review Data will be collected from the textbooks, libraries, newspapers, journals and the internet. 1. 20 Theoretical Framework Was the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy a success to the banking sector? The research intends to use both primary and secondary sources of data. These sources of data will help to explore an analysis of what past researchers have brought to light in relation to the impact of the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy on the banking sector. It is under this section that the researcher intends to explain various forms of dollarization. The benefits and costs of dollarization shall be explored through exclusive use of the internet and various text books and journals. 1. 21 Definitions of Terms For the purpose of this study the following abbreviations and definitions will be used. Hyper-inflation – Ruinously  high  increase (50  percent  or more per month) in  prices  due  to the near total  collapse  of a  country’s  monetary system, rendering its  currency  almost worthless as a  medium of exchange. Although hyperinflation is caused mainly by excessive  deficit spending  (financed by  printing  more  money) by a  government, some  economists  believe that social  breakdown  leads  to hyperinflation (not vice versa), and that its roots lie in political rather than economic  causes. 4] Dollarization – occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign  currency  in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency as a store of value, unit of account, and/or medium of exchange within the domestic economy. The term is not only applied to usage of the  United States dollar, but generally to the use of any foreign currency as the national currency. [5] BWP – Botswana Pula GNU – Government of National Unity USD – United States Dollar RBZ – Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe ZAR – South African Rand ZCTU- Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions 2. 00 Research Design Sample of people to send questionnaire is going to be based on knowledge, accessibility and convenience. 2. 11 Instruments for Data Collection The research will be based on both primary and secondary methods of collecting data which include surveys, interviews, questionnaires and published information and journals. The researcher will use a number of methods in the collection of primary and secondary information. The following methods will be used to gather primary information: ? Questionnaires- these will be designed and hand posted to the selected respondents. Sample of people to send questionnaire is going to be based on knowledge, accessibility and convenience. ? Interviews- interviews will be conducted to collect some of the information required in the research. The following sources will be used to tap all secondary data available about the subject: ? Use of textbooks ? The researcher in the course of the research will access newspapers, financial reports, business journals and the Internet. Information will also be attained through discussions with classmates and fellow researchers. 2. 2 Data Presentation and Analysis There will be use of tables, graphs and statistical tools/methods including pie charts in data presentation and analysis. These will be used first to present the data obtained through the questionnaires in the interviews, which will then make possible the analysis of the data in a more objective and quantitative manner as well as less subjective and qualitative way. A report shall then be compiled and presented on the fi nal outcome of the findings and analysis. 2. 13 Research Timetable and Budget (Project Scheduling) Research Time Table SectionChapterMonth/Period Introduction1Two weeks Literature Review2Two weeks Research Method3Four Weeks Data Presentation ; Analysis4Four Weeks Conclusion and Recommendation5Two weeks Research Budget Cost CenterCost Amount (USD) Typing and Printing$20 Photocopying$20 Internet$30 Traveling costs$50 Food Costs$30 Total$150 2. 14 Research Limitations ? The research is going to be limited due to the studies that will be going on concurrently with the research project and the time committed to the research project will be reduced. Time, unforeseen institutional disturbances at N. U. S. T. may delay timely completion of the research project. ? Lack of cooperation – there could be unexpected lack of cooperation from respondents, if any are to be involved in the project. ? Possible limited access to confidential information, which might be useful for the purposes of the research. ? Financial constraints – The research could be affected by the writer’ s limited funds to fully meet all due costs to be incurred during the research 2. 15 Source Referencing The â€Å"According to â€Å"Kararach G, Kadenge P, and Guvheya G, (2010). CURRENCY REFORMS IN ZIMBABWE: AN ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE CURRENCY REGIMES,† will be used. 2. 16 Bibliography (a) Books The Harvard way of referencing shall be employed (b) Journals The â€Å"According to â€Å"Kararach G, Kadenge P, and Guvheya G, (2010). CURRENCY REFORMS IN ZIMBABWE: AN ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE CURRENCY REGIMES,† will be used. ———————– [1] (Acting Minister of Finance, Cde Patrick Chinamasa on Budget Presentation to Parliament on 29 January 2009. ) [2] Ibid. ; Biti, T. ‘Statement on the 2009 Budget’, Presented to the Parliament of Zimbabwe by the Minister of Finance, 17 March 2009, http://www. zimtreasury. org [3] Hyper-inflation is defined by Hanke (2008) as a situation where the year- on- year rate of inflation breaches the 12,875 percent mark. Zimbabwe began to hyper-inflate in 2007 and hyper-inflation was officia lly reported by the Zimbabwe Central Statistical Office to have peaked at 231 million percent in July 2008. [4] http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/hyperinflation. html [5] http://www. answers. com/topic/dollarization#ixzz2BXaOhuVJ ———————– 1 How to cite Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe, Papers

Zoo Respiration free essay sample

The process of breathing Air has much more oxygen than water (20% vs. 0. %) Gas effuses more rapidly in air; water is much more dense and viscous Therefore aquatic animals are highly efficient at extracting oxygen form water However, they must expend much more energy to do so (up to 20% vs. 1-2% of resting metabolism) Respiratory surfaces must be thin and wet so that gas can diffuse through an aqueous phase between environment and circulation (also to maintain cells themselves) Air breathers have adapted specialized investigation of the body to take in air Ventilation-mechanisms to move air into and out of the body Paginations gills) for water breathing Investigation (lungs and tracheae) for air Types of respiratory organs Direct diffusion (coetaneous respiration) protozoa, sponges, cnidarians, some worms Possible because these animals have large areas relative to their mass (and all cells are close to the outer surface). See where a circulatory system comes in? Larger animals (amphibians, eels) supplements breathing with coetaneous respiration Skins are heavily visualized Hibernating frogs and turtles can exchange all gases through skin while submerged Presence of gills can vary through animal velveteen All chordates have gill slits at some point Gills: efficient gas exchange in water Many different types of gills external extensions of body surface dermal paella: sea stars breaches tufts: marine worms, aquatic amphibians internal gills- fishes, arthropods lots of vascular- blood flow is opposite to flow of water across gills (counterculture flow) Propeller (gill cover) closes when mouth opens Water passes over gills and out propeller Counterculture exchange Maximizes transfer of oxygen from water to blood Gills must be continuously in water (I. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoo Respiration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page E. N aquatic animals) or they will collapse and dry out Terrestrial animals require internal tubes to move air into the body tracheal systems lungs Air vs. water Much higher concentration of oxygen in air Gases diffuse faster in air; less ventilation and less energy required of the animal Internalizing the respiratory tubes minimizes water loss Breathing in amphibians: positive pressure Reptiles, birds and mammals use negative pressure: expand thoracic cavity to pull in air Frogs draw air into the mouth, then drive it into the lungs by closing mares , raising mouth floor and driving air into the lungs Mouth cavity is visualized; often frogs do not use their lungs Birds system has evolved to meet the demands of flight Birds have lost part of their digestive systems and make room for air sacs Mammalian respiratory system Properties of lungs Compliance- ability to expand when stretched Elasticity- ability to turn to original size Surface tension exerted by fluid in alveoli Surfactant helps prevent alveoli from collapsing RODS-surfactant lacking in the lungs of premature babies AWARDS- alveolar permeability and reduced surfactant Control of breathing; gas level detectors Why cant you hold your breath indefinitely? Partial pressures to oxygen and carbon dioxide Most 02 in blood is bound to R (0. Ml out of 20 ml/100 ml blood is d issolved in plasma) Increasing POP in blood increases rate of diffusion to tissues Arterial levels are significant because they reflect lung function Respiratory pigments help transport gases (metallic ion confers color and binds oxygen) Hemoglobin- copper ion; found in arthropods and many mollusks Hemoglobin- iron; vertebrates Oxygen is bound reversibly Hemoglobin and oxygen transport Loading (in lungs) disemboweling becomes snowmobiling; reversed in tissues Affinity for oxygen decreases in lower pH and higher temperature 2,3-EDP (unique to Ribs) also reduces affinity of snowmobiling for oxygen (this works if oxygen levels are low or in anemia) Net effect: favors unloading of oxygen into tissues

Childrens Literature Essays

Childrens Literature Essays Childrens Literature Paper Childrens Literature Paper Essay Topic: Literature Which of the following is not a major value of sharing literature with children? Curriculum modification Studies show that Children go through the same stages of language development although the rate of development varies. A teacher who is leading childrens discussions about a series of books on the same subject written by different authors is encouraging cognitive development through? Comparing According to child development authority Joann Hendrick, which is not a stage of emotional development encompassed by early childhood? Insight and perspective versus self-condemnation The ability to express emotions, express empathy towards others, and develop feelings of selfworth and self-esteem describes? Personality development Socialization is said to occur When children learn the ways of their groups so that they can function acceptable within them. How can books be expected to aid in the social development of children? Books help children deal with various emotions related to friendship; become aware of different views about the world; realize that both girls and boys can succeed in a wide range of roles. All of the above. Childrens responses to literature are influenced by? Developmental factors; the literature environment; early and continual reading. All of the above. The earliest history of childrens literature began with? The oral tradition Puritan influence of literature emphasized? Moral development of children. The enlightened belief for the late 1600s that children should go through a period of childhood rather than be treated as little adults was credited to? John Locke What is the major reason that todays prized Newbery Award was named for John Newbery? He was the first to be successful in publishing and marketing childrens books. Where did the Brothers Grimm find their fairy tales? They listened to German storytellers. Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland is considered one of the first childrens books written Purely to give pleasure to children; without a trace of a lesson or moral; as a fantasy for children. All of the above. In the 1980s, what type of literature was most frequently banned? Anti-American Optimism, religious values, patriotism, stability, respect for older generations, and traditional family models characterize the childrens literature of what age? 1938-1960 What is the usual source of plots in literature? Conflict Literary conflicts in which the main characters actions, desires, or values differ from those of others around him or her represent conflicts of? Person against society. Why is person against self conflict a popular device in childrens literature? All children must overcome fears and personal problems while growing up. In which genre would accuracy in setting probably be most important? Biography Which of the following is the definition of theme? The underlying idea that ties the plot, character, and setting together. The most powerful determinants of childrens reading are? Accessibility, readability, and interest. Why are themes difficult to identify? They are short phrases hidden in the story; they are often implied rather than directly stated; they are not always in stories. All of the above. The role of illustrations in childrens literature is to Inspire the imagination; complement the text; invite the reader. All of the above. Artists use line to suggest? Direction; motion and energy; mood. All of the above. A book page design with text placed opposite bordered illustrations on adjacent pages is considered? The most formal arrangement. The most informal type of page design would be? No text or word. Of the various media available to the artist, which of the following is among the oldest? Woodcuts. The earliest books for children were illustrated with which of the following? Black and White Woodcuts. A technique in which bits of objects are pasted to a surface is called a Collage Exposing children to art through picture books helps Develop their appreciation for and understanding of art, artists, and texts. Foster understanding of specific cultures and the artist whose works represent them. Encourage lifelong reading. All of the above. Which of the following distinguishes picture books from other types of books? In picture books, the illustrations are as important as the text or even more important than the text. Mother Goose serves as an excellent introduction to verse for very young children because of its Rhyme, pleasing sounds, and rhythm. The Mother Goose rhyme Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers has repetition of sound called? Alliteration. Which of the following is probably the strongest reason that there have been so many collections of Mother Goose rhymes? They have strong, enduring appeal for children. Toy books can include? Board books, pop-up books, cloth and plastic books. All of the above. In alphabet books designed specifically to teach young children the letters and their sounds, which of the following is particularly important? Pictured objects should not have more than one commonly used name. When analyzing counting books for preschoolers, which of the following is least important? The books are designed to develop the concepts of addition and subtraction. Which of the following is an important criteria when selecting high quality wordless books? The depth of detail should be appropriate for the age level of the children. There should be a sequentially organized plot that provides a framework for children who are just developing organizational skills. The subject should appeal to children. All of the above. Which of the following is most important in developing characters for picture storybooks? The characters must experience situations and emotions that are immediately familiar and credible to children. In picture storybooks, setting is used to Establish the location of a story in time and place. Provide an antagonist. Emphasize symbolic meaning. All of the above. What is probably the greatest value of reading to children? Helping beginning readers develop an appreciation for books and literature. Which of the following is not a way to motivate writing with picture storybooks? Drawing new illustrations to replace some of the pictures. In general, why were traditional literature stories told? To speculate about the beginning of things. To relate stories about people who performed brave deeds. To relate stories of mythical heroes. All of the above. Similarities among tales from different countries emphasize that Humans throughout the world have had similar needs and problems. Folklore from around the world should? Reflect the original cultures beliefs. What is the most likely reason that so many folktales, even folktales of different origins, have the same types of themes and recurring actions? Folktales reflect universal themes and morals. Which of the following is a common theme in folktales? Good overcome evil. Intelligence wins out over physical strength. Kindness, diligence, and hard work bring rewards. All of the above. A motif in literature is A recurring element used in the development of a story. In which of the following types of folktales are respect for elders and the dragon a symbol of imperial authority common elements? Chinese Folktales considered truly indigenous to the United States are? Tall tales. Which of the following distinguishes legends from myths? Legends are based on historical events. Related Papers Importance of Literature Article Summary Banning of Books Slavery Georges Marvellous Medicine Essay Martiarchal Role in Literature of Greece What Makes a Piece Literature? Role of Religion in Early American Literature Women who are materialised by masculine characters in literature English literature unit 1 assignment 2 Approaches to Teaching Reading World Literature Essay Reading Comic May Help Students Do Better in School Baroque Literature How to cite this page Choose cite format: Childrens Literature. (2018, Jan 22). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>APA "Childrens Literature." PaperAp.com, 22 Jan 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>MLA PaperAp.com. (2018). Childrens Literature. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/[Accessed: 19 Sep. 2019]'>Harvard "Childrens Literature." PaperAp.com, Jan 22, 2018. Accessed September 19, 2019. https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>Chicago "Childrens Literature." PaperAp.com, 22 Jan 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>ASA "Childrens Literature," PaperAp.com, 22-Jan-2018. [Online]. Available: https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2019]'>IEEE PaperAp.com. (2018). Childrens Literature. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/[Accessed: 19-Sep-2019]'>AMA Childrens Literature. (2018, Jan 22). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/ Copy to clipboard B Pages:1 Words:94 This is just a sample.To get a unique paper Hire Writer Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Childrens literature Paper The Midwife’s Apprentice Karen Cushman Sees Behind Trees Michael Dorris Out of the Dust Karen Hesse Number the Stars Lois Lowery Esperanza Rising Pam Munoz Ryan Roll of Thunder Hear my Cry Mildred Taylor Journey to Topaz Yoshiko Uchida The Watsons go to Birmingham Christopher Paul Curtis Linclon:a Photobiography Russell Freedman(Newberry) Hans Christian Anderson Hjordis Varmer Talkin about Bessie:The story of Aviator Elizabeth Coleman Nikki Grimes Yellow Star Jennifer Roy Amelia to Zora:Twenty-six women who changed the world Cynthia Chin-Lee Magic School Bus: Inside the Human Body Joanna Cole

US Presidents Religion According to the Constitution

US Presidents Religion According to the Constitution With all the rumors claiming former President Barack Obama was a Muslim, its fair to ask: So what if he was? Whats wrong with having a Muslim president? The answer is: not a thing. The No Religious Test Clause of the U.S. Constitution makes it perfectly clear that voters can elect a Muslim President of the United States or one belonging to any faith they choose, even none at all. In fact, three Muslims are currently serving in the 116th Congress: On November 6, 2018, Michigan Democrat Rep. Rashida Tlaib and Minnesota Democrat Rep. Ilhan Omar became the first Muslim women elected to the House, where the join Rep. Andre Carson, a Muslim Democrat from Indiana. In the general realm of Arab religions, all three Hindus who served in the 115th Congress were reelected to the 116th: Rep. Ro Khanna, (D-California); Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi, (D-Illinois); and Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, (D-Hawaii). Article VI, paragraph 3 of the U.S.  Constitution states: The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. By and large, however, American presidents have been Christians. To date, not a single Jew, Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh or other non-Christian has occupied the White House. Obama has repeatedly stated that he was and is a Christian. That hasnt stopped his most strident critics from raising questions about his faith and fomenting vicious innuendo by claiming falsely that Obama canceled the National Day of Prayer or that he supports the mosque near ground zero. The only qualifications required of presidents by the Constitution are that they be natural-born citizens who are at least 35 years old and have resided in the country for at least 14 years. Theres nothing in Constitution disqualifying a Muslim president. Whether America is ready for a Muslim president is another story. Religious Makeup of Congress While the percentage of U.S. adults who describe themselves as Christians has been declining for decades, a Pew Research Center analysis shows that the religious makeup of Congress has changed only slightly since the early 1960s. The new, 116th Congress includes the first two Muslim women ever to serve in the House of Representatives, and is, overall, slightly more religiously diverse than the 115th Congress. The number of Congress members who identify as Christian has declined by 3 percentage points. In the 115th Congress, 91 percent of members were Christian, while in the 116th, 88 percent are Christian. In addition, four more Jews, one more Muslim, and one more Unitarian Universalist are serving in the 116th Congress. The number of members who decline to state their religious affiliation increased by eight- from 10 in the 115th Congress to 18 in the 116th Congress. Despite their slight decrease, the number of self-identified Christians in Congress- especially Protestants and Catholics- are still overrepresented in proportion to their presence in the general public. As Pew Research notes, the overall religious makeup of the 116th Congress â€Å"is very different from that of the United States population.† Religions of the Founding Fathers Given the diversity of faiths held by America’s Founding Fathers, the fact that the Constitution places no restrictions on religious affiliation, or lack thereof. In his book â€Å"The Faiths of the Founding Fathers,† historian of American religion David L. Holmes notes that Founding Fathers fell into three religious categories: The largest group, practicing Christians who expressed a traditional belief in the divinity of Jesus Christ. Patrick Henry, John Jay, and Samuel Adams, as well as most of their wives and children fell into this category. The founders who, while retaining their Christian loyalties and practices, were influenced by Deism, the belief that, while God as the creator exists, he or she cannot perform miracles, answer prayers, or play any part in the lives of humans. These Deistic Christians included John Adams, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James Monroe. The smallest group, including Thomas Paine and Ethan Allen, who had abandoned their former Judeo-Christian heritages and had become Deists who openly adhered to the Enlightenment period’s religion of nature and reason. Updated by Robert Longley

Human Reasorce Mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Reasorce Mangment - Essay Example All this is deemed to be in tune with the specific requirements of the organization (Bloisi, 2007). Before the review and after Caf Co adopted its new outlook of its human resource management, its human resource management had a number of similarities with its new outlook on human resource management. One of the similarities was that Caf Co recognized its personnel as the most important asset of the company and to this end various amendments were made to benefit the workforce of the caf. There was also the aspect that the human resource of the organization was deemed as a very important channel of the caf achieving its objectives and goals and this played a very important part in ensuring that the personnel were well trained and recruited to ensure that they met their objectives. This brought about the similarity that the personnel of the organization were well trained and also that new employees were well recruited before joining the organization. There was also the fact that the employees were handpicked from the best selection the market had to offer and old employees were subj ected to refresher course at a certain period. This method of human resource management can be classified as the classical form of human resource management (Marchington, 2005). When Caf Co adopted its new human resource management, the human resource though being deemed as one o... When this perspective was undertaken by the organization, the human resource of the organization started receiving extra benefits which were deemed as motivators for the personnel to accomplish their objectives and also realize their targets. To this effect the benefits were awarded to various individuals who showed that they were capable of achieving the 4Cs which denotes competence, congruence, competence and cost effectiveness. This new outlook by Caf Co indicated that they had adopted the Harvard human resource management which advocates for these policies to be implemented by any organization (Bloisi, 2007). 2. Necessity of more responsibility in the line management It is important for the management of any organization to portray a high degree of responsibility in their human resource management. This is especially true to the line management because in this aspect the management is responsible for the administration of all human resource activities which when brought together plays an important part in ensuring the organizational output is well coordinated to meet the organization's objectives as well as targets. When the management portrays an attitude of more responsibility, the personnel will also view the various projects as very important and in turn will put more effort in ensuring that the objectives are met. The supervising role that the management will play will act as a motivator for the personnel to ensure that they submit a high quality results. This will in turn play a very important role in ensuring that the organization offers the clients high quality products and services and this will play a very important role in improving t he public outlook of the organization. In this respect, the sales base of the

Information Security and Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Security and Privacy - Essay Example Although there are several methods to prevent unauthorised access; users occasionally are able to get through the security systems, and it is therefore essential for organizations to also be capable f detecting intruders. Before beginning to discuss how networks can be secured to improve the prevention f intruders, the reason why it is important to prevent intruders will be pointed out to help understand why network security is vital for many businesses. As organizations around the world rely heavily on computers for all their information storage and processing, unprotected computers and networks can be an easy means for anyone to obtain this information. Also as organizations become increasingly dependent on computers and networks to run the business any damage can cause numerous problems for a business with possible costs within the millions. (Fitzgerald 1-7) These costs are caused by the inability to use computers therefore affecting productivity and sometimes causing the complete inability to run the business. As computer systems assist heavily in running businesses and store many f the organizations private data it is easy to see why organizations need to secure their computer systems or it will cost them. Passwords is a relatively easy and cheap ... It might seem that if companies do not connect their networks to the internet there will be no security problems. Therefore meaning security is needed on networks even if it is not connected to the internet. Two main types f security can be used here; passwords and physical security. (Fitzgerald 1-7) Passwords is a relatively easy and cheap form f security that can be implemented on a network, it also provides a good level f security as long as passwords are well kept by employees. With the use f passwords network managers can monitor the use f the network by its users by being able to see who logs in and where their logged in to, as well as what they have done. With more advanced technology network managers can also detect when and where there is an intruder and what the intruder has done. Fundamentally passwords will keep those who are not authorised away from restricted sections f the network, ultimately sustaining an adequate level f security. Physical security is basically using physical means to prevent certain employees from using certain sections or computers on the network. This may include computers being kept in secure rooms with key card or identification security. As organizations connect their networks to the internet, the risk f intruders rises dramatically as there are millions f users online; it also allows users from any part f the world to access your private network. This security issue is heightened as users within the network begin to access areas f the internet that are less secure. The most commonly used method to help prevent intruders and improve the security f the network when connected to the internet is the use f internet firewalls. Basically a firewall is capable f preventing

The Concept of the Digital Marketing

The Concept of the Digital Marketing Digital marketing is the very innovative and novel concept in the 21st century. Through this form of media products and services are promoted with the use of database-driven online distribution channels to reach consumers in an appropriate, significant, individual, and lucrative manner. The term digital marketing has not any specific definition or meaning but it can be well explained with the examples such as emails, online advertisements, pay per clicks, wireless text messages, instant messages, RSS, blogging, fax, video streams, podcasting, broadcast, etc. All these examples are included in the definition of digital marketing. Apart from its inclusive list, there are few traditional forms of marketing which are not included in the term of digital marketing. They are TV, radio, print and billboard as they are not the instant or quick forms of marketing. It means with these forms of marketing the advertiser could not get the immediate response from the end consumers. The traditional forms of marketing could not give the accurate number of responders. Perhaps, there is a little improvement has achieved with the devices such as TiVo which records the statistics like website but, still the desirable result has not gained. Nevertheless, this became possible with the introduction of digital marketing. Digital marketing has become so powerful network of advertising, that with the introduction of Double click strategy of Google for internet, the world has become very close linking to each and every place conveniently. With the help of digital marketing, campaigns for promoting any product through internet has become very cost-effective and convenient. With the feature digital technology, in digital marketing, the advertiser easily comes to know how many times and how long the campaign has been showed on internet, also it comes to know how many people have seen this campaign, how many responses have received, and how many purchases have been made though online mode. With this fast-end technology, marketing of any particular products becomes easier, the consumers convenience become possible and the organization makes huge profits, too. The improved versions of these digital marketing are broadband internet, Wi-Fi network, and mobile phone access. The usage of these techniques has drastically increased, worldwide. The web usage has increased 10% all over the world, from January 09 to January 10, as per the recent report. The attitude of management has changed. From traditional form of advertising, they have shifted to the digital marketing. Billions of dollars have been spent by organizations on digital marketing for promotion of their ad campaigns. They are taking huge benefits out of digital marketing and earning high revenues. Critical analysis of audit findings, using relevant diagrams and appropriate models to support analysis From the audit it is found that AECOM has considered for brand repositioning for its short term marketing project through digital marketing with Yahoo! Answers. But, AECOM has not considered any particular brand repositioning strategy for that. AECOM needs to consider the proper brand repositioning strategy for successful results in digital marketing. The strategy for AECOM can be New Logo and Tagline. AECOM is into financial and management services over the last 20 years but, during that period AECOM has not considered for brand repositioning. Now, if it has decided for it, then the best strategy for AECOM is new logo and tagline. AECOM should come up with new taglines such as Finest Service Provider, or Services Delivered. Anywhere. Anytime., or Leaders in Service Delivery. Along with its tagline, AECOM also can change its logo. By adopting any of the tagline, the scenario of consumers may change and consumers feel free to contact AECOM at any point of time. The tagline itself shou ld look so attractive that more and more consumers can be fascinated towards AECOMs services. Apart from this, AECOM has considered Yahoo Answers for its digital marketing promo. But, in the market there are various digital marketing services providers are available such as Google, Hotmail, Face book, You Tube, etc. The cost of services of all these service providers should also be considered, the quality of their services should be checked, the further discounts in finalizing the particular services should be checked and only after that the decision should be taken whether the particular service provider is economic in cost or not. AECOM should have to consider Face book for undertaking digital marketing project for brand repositioning. Over 400 millions of users the website has over socialized. AECOM could be able to take benefit out of it in fascinating more consumers towards its brand. The below diagram shows that the use of Face book has increased to that extent, if any company selects this digital marketing media for promo then definitely it will remain beneficial from the view point of growth, development, revenue, publicity, and of course profits. Facebook The use of social media for digital marketing is more compared to other websites which can be proved with the following diagram. If AECOM could have undertaken the brand repositioning through social media digital marketing, then the chances of its promo would be higher compared to Yahoo! Answers. AECOM is specifically into financial and management services to valued consumers. For further growth and development purposes, AECOM should consider the policy of diversification into new business segments such as AECOM should enter the new business of aviation industries or automobile industry for manufacturing of luxurious cars. A business case, with justification, including a cost benefit analysis, for the short term marketing project and show how the marketing project will support the delivery of the organizations marketing strategy Even though, AECOM is on number one position in providing financial services and management services to consumers, to survive in a huge market competition, brand repositioning of AECOM through innovation and technology via digital marketing is must. To maintain the market share and its position in the market, AECOM needs to consider brand repositioning. But, along with brand repositioning, the fear of high costs and high risks are increased with launching of new brand. As per Biel, brand positioning is building or (rebuilding) an image for a brand. Brand repositioning is nothing but managing the existing brand in better and advanced ways. Repositioning helps in introducing new opportunities and market changes. While going with the brand repositioning, there are certain risks factors which need to be considered. While brand repositioning, there is a high risk of losing trustworthiness and consistency of consumers. Because, it may become possible that many consumers are not aware of brand repositioning strategy of a company. During the period, if any consumer contacts through website, and the logo, tagline, advertisement, etc. changes, then consumers fall in the twisted atmosphere whether to contact or not. As per few analysts, the successful brand repositioning is impossible because during the repositioning period, most of the loyal consumers shift to other brands. The basic aim of brand repositioning is safeguarding and improving brand equity to un derstand the better vibrant of it. Repositioning of brand is modification of something which already exists in the market and the minds of consumers. Brand repositioning represents uniqueness in the companys existing products and services. Repositioning strategy exist in three stages known as introductory stage, elaboration stage, and fortification stage. The stages can be explained in the below diagram: Diagram 1: Stages in brand strategy development Selecting Appropriate Marketing mix Establishing the Brand proposition Rolling out the Strategy Introductory Stage Elaboration Stage Fortification Stage Modifying the Proposition Repositioning Updating the personality Repositioning helps in moving the organization to a newer and more attractive position than before. The objective of this movement depends from organization to organization. It differs particularly for the sake of understanding what the company wants to achieve. In case of AECOM, the company wants to become innovative in terms of technology and designing to the extent possible compared to its competitors. The brand positioning helps company in taking to the higher position than before. This can be explained with below diagram: Diagram 2: The principle of repositioning New Position Price Previous Position Experienced quality As the organization shifts to new position after brand repositioning, the company tries to meet the new demands of consumers, newer and stronger arguments of consumers by convincing them to stay as loyal. To achieve the benefits out of brand repositioning such as better value, relevant status in the market, great image, updated personality, etc. AECOM needs to undertake a four-phased brand repositioning approach which is as follows; Phase 1: Determining the current status of the brand Phase 2: What does the Brand stand for today? Phase 3: Developing the brand positioning platforms Phase 4: Refining the brand positioning and management presentation. Now, combining this repositioning strategy with digital marketing approach, the more accurate results will be delivered for AECOM. For this purpose, the Yahoo! Answers should reach beyond its pure online territory and initiate this conversation. For digital marketing of AECOMs brand repositioning campaign on Yahoo!, AECOM should conduct the following activities: Stage 1: On-ground video shoot of consumers At this stage, AECOM should visit major 3 countries UAE, USA, and UK. The campaign should be conducted for three days in each of the countries at well-known places asking questions to consumers about AECOMs brand repositioning event. While conducting this event, 5 questions to be asked to all respondents provided by the AECOM. All the answers to the above questions should be captured on the video and must post to the Yahoo! Answer. The response to the event will show that, whether AECOM has got tremendous response than expected or not and the target is achieved properly or not. Stage 2: Posting all the responses on Yahoo! The second stage in digital marketing for AECOM brand repositioning campaign is posting the responses on Yahoo! Answers. Accordingly, the top 50 answers from the list should be uploaded on Yahoo! Answers with AECOM brand. On each page total 10 answers to be displayed with AECOM promotional video. This can make it possible that users or consumers may watch the video responses posted on the website or answer the questions themselves which can foster more responses in the future. Stage 3: Promoting all the responses on Yahoo! All the questions selected should be posted on Yahoo! Answers for more promotion and advertising to create awareness amongst consumers about AECOMs brand repositioning strategy. For this promotion through digital media networking AECOM may get huge response. The strategy can be used here by AECOM and Yahoo!, is for every response to an answer the promo will be added more for 12 minutes which is the highest time given by Yahoo! Other than these responses, the other creative promos can also be added by AECOM on Yahoo! These creative promos include The promo of AECOMs featured services on Yahoo! Homepage The promo of AECOMs video answers on Yahoo! Homepage These promos are covered not only on Yahoo! Homepage but also on Messengers, E-mails, Answers and Groups. Stage 4: Invite maximum users to give their views and ask questions related to the AECOMs brand repositioning. The final stage in successful digital marketing campaign of AECOMs brand repositioning with Yahoo!, is invitation to maximum users to give their views about AECOMs financial and management services to others or those who are not aware about AECOM. Also, this stage includes the questions about AECOMs brand repositioning. The trusted consumers those have queries why AECOM is carrying brand repositioning, they can post the related questions on Yahoo!, and they may get the reasonable answers to their questions by responsible management team of AECOM through Yahoo! Answers. Accordingly, the promo of AECOMs brand repositioning can be conducted successfully via Yahoo! Answers with the expected unbelievable result. Cost-benefit analysis for the short term marketing project The cost-benefit analysis for AECOMs brand repositioning campaign in the context of digital marketing through Yahoo! Answers is highly depends upon the expected benefits out of it over its cost. Cost-benefit analysis (COBA) is a technique where the assessment of monetary social costs and benefits of any specified capital project is conducted over a given period of time. In case of this short term marketing project of AECOMs brand repositioning, if the benefits out of digital marketing are expected to be huge then the project is beneficial for AECOM and vice versa. For this purpose, the basic principles of COBA are required to understand which are as follows: Appraisal of a project For conducting cost-benefit analysis for any project, its evaluation is must. COBA is an economic technique for project appraisal. Incorporates externalities into the equation This characteristic of COBA invites for the social as well as private economic costs and benefits of the projects. It also measures the social welfare of the investment. Value of Time Time is very important factor while undertaking COBA analysis. The economy of time is considered in the future of the project. Uses of COBA : COBA is traditionally being used only for big public sector projects such as water, dams, railways, bridges, by-passers, new motorways, tunnels, power-stations, flood relief schemes, etc. But, now the scenario has changed and COBA has been applied to small projects, to public health programs, in reduction of long-term unemployment, to understand the cost or benefits in new business deals, etc. The main aim of conducting COBA is whether the project leads to an increase in social benefits in future or not. If the answer is Yes then the result of COBA is positive and vice versa. Main steps in calculating COBA Approach: Step1 (a): Calculation of social costs and benefits: In this step, the social costs and benefits include all the direct and indirect costs, expenditures, profits, and gains. It involves all the significant costs. Step1 (b): Sensitivity analysis of events occurring: In this step it is to be marked that how much is the profit and cost involved in particular transaction and what is the outcome of it? If it will occur what is the scale of uncertainty about the actual values of the costs and benefits? Step 2: Discounting the future value of benefits: The next step involved in COBA is discounting of future benefits. Since the benefits are enjoyed in present, the future value of it is discounted over a period of time. Step 3: Comparing the costs and benefits: This step helps to understand the net returns on investment. Step 4: Comparing net rate of returns: Under this step, the returns from different projects are collected and accordingly the best out of it is selected. The COBA decides about ranking to the projects on the basis of its highest expected net returns in social welfare. As per these characteristics, uses, and steps of COBA, the AECOMs brand repositioning in the context of digital marketing through Yahoo! Answers represents that the cost involved for digital marketing may be high but the expected returns is definitely more than its cost. In this project, the major cost involved is only for digital marketing, the returns are in variety of forms such as high returns and profits to AECOM, huge publicity which creates awareness about AECOM brand in the mind of diverse consumers, people come to know about the existence of AECOM and its wide-ranging services in all the possible sectors through its expert employees. Also, the time involved in digital marketing is less compared to traditional form of marketing. So, from all the view points, one point is very clear that the benefits involved in this project are expected to be very high compared to its cost. So, the results of cost-benefit analysis are positive. Based upon recommendations, an outline of project plan to effectively implement proposals with a risk management program The recommendation to AECOM in its brand repositioning of short term marketing project through digital marketing, where AECOM has considered Yahoo! Answers as strategic tool for digital marketing should be replaced by social media networking which is also a digital marketing tool. In social media marketing, AECOM can either go with Face book or can create companys own blog for publicity and advertising of its brand repositioning. The revised outline project plan for AECOM for implementing proposal of digital marketing successfully in its brand repositioning inclusive of risk management program is as follows: Objective: The objective of AECOM is successful brand repositioning for a short term marketing project through digital marketing. Vision: The vision of AECOM is to become pioneer in the delivery of financial and management services in the entire world. To attain the leadership position in the entire human resource industry also has to be the vision of AECOM. Strategic management: To achieve above objectives AECOM must utilize the complete structured approach to undertake strategic management. Nike must undertake the brand repositioning strategy of New Logo and Tagline in the context of digital marketing through social media networking of Face book or companys blogs. Digital marketing through Face book AECOM has decided the promo and publicity of its brand repositioning strategy of New Logo and Tagline through Yahoo! Answers which is very expensive compared to other social media networking websites such as Twitter, Linked in, and Face book. Maximum are the people using these social networking websites and if AECOM refers one of these websites for its promo then the outcome will be greater compared to Yahoo! Answers. Around 400 million users are using the Face book networking. The companies using social networking website for business purpose and their market share for twitter is 41%, Linked in is also 41% but for Face book it is 44% which is highest compared to others. Digital marketing through Companys blog Other than the use of Face book, company can create its own blobs and can post the questionnaire for promo and publicity purpose on AECOMs blog only. The interested consumers can get information about AECOMs activities from its blog and also if any queries can be posted directly to the blog of AECOM. The companies using own blogs for digital marketing purpose is very high with its market share 46% higher than Face book, too. Since, company has its own blog, the cost of hiring any digital marketing media also reduces. But, the limitation to this strategy is company cannot attract new consumers who are not aware of AECOM and its brand repositioning. Risk Management Program AECOMs brand repositioning marketing project through digital marketing has the risk of system failure and not meeting the business need. In such a situation, AECOM is required to design a risk management program. The risk management program for AECOM in case of system failure is recovery, back up, and disaster recovery procedures. In case of risk of not meeting business need involved then AECOM should ensure about the representatives and resources involved for good participation and collaboration from all concerned areas of business. Implementation AECOM can implement its plan of digital marketing through social media networking instead of Yahoo! Answers. By implementing this plan, AECOM can reduce its high cost and as a result, the COBA will also give the higher returns compared to digital marketing with Yahoo! AECOMs brand repositioning through digital marketing via social media networking will lead to gain higher profits and AECOM will be in a position to attract maximum consumers through social media. This option will ensure to attain AECOMs objective of market leadership in human resource industry. Conclusion It is concluded that the best strategic option for AECOM is social media networking for digital marketing and amongst it, Face book is better than companys blog because Face book may offer AECOM maximum consumers to get availed of AECOMs excellent services. Recommend, with justification, appropriate methods of effectively monitoring and measuring progress throughout the project, to ensure that it is completed on time, within budget and to specification Now days the share of marketing through digital media has increased compared to traditional media of marketing. As a result, the demand for tools for measurement of growing selection of online marketing channels has increased. Garners maturity model for Web Analytics has provided the tool for measurement of web site analytics but it has not included the social media networking and other digital marketing media. This gap has been filled by the Webtrends Digital marketing Optimization Team by providing an appropriate method for measuring the progress throughout the digital marketing project. The Digital Marketing Maturity Model (DM3) has provided the framework for measurement of any digital media marketing project. DM3 is the best model for measurement of progress of any digital marketing project. The DM3 beta measures the progress through six core areas. They are the six pillars of digital media measurement. They are as follows; 1. Measurement Strategy The first core area in measurement progress is measurement strategy. A formal measurement strategy should be placed by organization and should make sure about aligning the overall objectives of organization. This assists in meeting all the digital marketing activities to the companys bottom line and the manifestation of digital measurement becomes possible. 2. Analytics Resources and Domain Expertise The success of digital marketing analytics program become possible because of analytics resources and domain expertise. The employees of organization make it possible through their dedication towards measurement and analysis, the resources at their disposal, their capability to troubleshoot issues, and response to requests throughout the organization. 3. Data Integration and Visualization Through data integration and visualization, the effective measurement of digital marketing becomes possible. For successful measurement, organizations required to integrate the multiple sources of data to gain a more complete picture of their consumers and business. Data integration is the core chain of values between the systems. It enables organizations to generate an absolute image of their marketing efforts. Data visualization helps in arrangement and release of digital marketing facts in meeting the requirements of various groups throughout an organization. 4. Data Analysis and Insight Data Analysis skills are very important in twisting the web-based data into perceptive or organizations wants to optimize their websites and compel elegant marketing and business verdicts. Nevertheless, diverse data entail special types of analysis skills. 5. Adoption and Governance The value of digital marketing data is minimal unless the rules of digital marketing are in place to ensure its consistency and quality over time and if it helps in getting the right people at the right time throughout an organization. The training to people according to their roles is necessary for those who want know how to utilize the data. The assistance from government for managing various types of aspects in context to digital marketing programs becomes possible inclusive of change management, security, and data consistency programs. 6. Ongoing Optimization Organizations placed the data measurement processes consistently over a period of time which are ensured by ongoing optimization. The optimization opportunities are recognized and diverse iterations of sites are tested by using digital marketing data. Prior to implementation, grown-up organization extents all digital marketing channels from web sites to paid research and also includes A/B testing of multiple marketing updates. Critical assessment of the main techniques for evaluating the success or failure of the marketing project on its completion The main techniques in evaluation of success or failure of the marketing project on its completion are Critical Path Analysis (CPA) and PERT Charts. These both techniques are very powerful tools to schedule and manage the complex projects. Both the techniques were developed in 1950s and till now they are used successfully. Lets discuss these techniques in details. Critical Path Analysis (CPA) This technique helps to plan all the tasks which require to be completed as a part of project. CPA acts as a basis for beginning of program, and of resource planning. CPA helps in observing the achievement of project objectives. CPA also helps to keep a track whether any corrective action requires to be taken to get a project back on course. The benefit of using CPA within the planning process is to get assistance in developing and testing the plan to ensure whether it is vigorous or not. CPA takes care of tasks for timely completion of project. CPA also takes care which task to be delayed if at all resource requires to be modified to catch the missed tasks. CPA also helps in identification of minimum length of time for completion of project. The major drawback of CPA is, the management of tasks with time in relation to the project plans is not that easy and obvious like that with Gantt Charts. As a result the difficulty in understanding increases. The effective CPA makes the differences between the success and failure on composite projects. CPA is very useful technique for assessing the importance of problems faced during the implementation period. PERT Charts (Program Evaluation and Review Techniques) PERT is a deviation on CPA which takes a somewhat more cynical outlook of time approximations made for each project stage. To make use of PERT charts, the shortest possible time is required to estimate for each activity and also the most likely length of time is also required. Appendix Appendix A: Introduction of organization History and Background The founders of AECOM are Richard G. Newman and few employees of Ashland Inc. and about 20 years ago on 6th April, 1990; they established AECOM with the merger of five Ashland enterprises. In 2007, around 30 companies joined AECOM and it became public limited company on the New York Stock Exchange. AECOM is listed in a fortune 500 company currently ranking # 352 and provides the services of architecture, building engineering, design and planning, economics, program management, and transportation in all over the world having approximately 46000 expert employees in more than 100 countries. The revenues of AECOM are flowing in billions of dollars with $6.3 billion at the year ended 30th June, 2010. But, in 2009, AECOM introduced a new brand repositioning with the context of digital marketing. The employees of AECOM are so talented and skilled that their excellence and originality has come from the affluent history of some of the worlds premium engineering, environmental, planning, and design companies. The vision of the AECOM to make a world better place by providing services through excellent employees in the areas of transportation, energy, and water systems by developing environment properly and by creating new buildings and communities. AECOM is well-known for its professional service providing facility all over the world. AECOM has taken over many mergers and acquisitions with some of the greatest companies such as Tishman Construction, INOCSA Ingenieria, and Ellerbe Becket. The excellent expertise brought together from these companies to serve more clients in a better way. AECOM wanted to tell the truth to its clients that AECOM is the number one design firm by Engineering News-Record (ENR) magazine, a McGraw-Hill Publication and with brand repositioning in the context to digital marketing; it will establish its brand in such a way to become a market leader. Consumer Base of AECOM AECOM has consumers all over the world. Majorly, the consumers are in the America, Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. AECOM is specialized in providing the expert financial and management services to its consumers. AECOM has maintained a record in retaining the industrys most talented professionals for the ease of its consumers. Apart from these, AECOM has won various excellence awards during such a small tenure of 20 years. In 2009 itself, AECOM has won the awards like best large project, best small project, best technical innovation, best win, and so on. Not only excellence awards, AECOM has achieved CEO awards, too. This proves that AECOM is a huge enterprise with a vast consumer base of it. AECOMs position in the market AECOM stands on number one position all over the world in the services of designing among top 500 companies. It is the number one designing firm all over the world. AECOM is on top position in all the services such as pure designing, transportation, mass transit and mail, general building, government and commercial offices, and education. Only in green designs, it stands on 4th position as per ENR magazine. Range of products and services AECOM provides services in the streams of architecture, building engineering, design and planning, economics, energy, environment, government, program management, transportation, and water. In the field of architecture, AECOM provides services of interior designing, master planning plus urban designing, and renovation. In building engineering, AECOM builds the commercial and educational buildings, data centers, government, healthcare, and pharmaceutical buildings. AECOM conducts designing and planning for landscape architecture, environmental plus ecological planning, master planning plus urban designing, and strategies. In the stream of economics, AECOM facilitates services for capital planning, economic planning plus real estate, entertainment plus leisure, hotels and resorts. AECOM facilitates energy efficiency and carbon management, energy for hydropower and dams, thermal, geothermal and nuclear. AECOM also takes care of environment by providing services of air quality, environme nt health and safety management, waste services, water and natural resources, and so on. AECOM helps to government in all over the world by providing necessary services in the development and infrastructure of particular country and same alike many more services. In the field of program management, AECOM provides services of knowledge transfer, training, risk management, and web-based program management systems. AECOM takes care of