Leadership Styles And Evaluating An Enhanced Approach

Introduction In this essay I will be reflecting on leadership styles and evaluating an enhanced approach. Leadership consists of people, authority, influence, change, direction, purpose and unified achievement (Youki, 2013). Leadership is needed throughout many situations in life, and without this there would be little unity and sense of direction within teams. To get a task completed there needs to be a person with the confidence to clearly and concisely convey what to do and who should do it. Therefore, to make a good leader it is essential to have good leadership. To ensure there is good leadership there needs to be a leadership style. Leadership style is â€Å"the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating†¦show more content†¦The study showed that based on how leaders lead their teams, each obtained different results. While constructing this study, autocratic, democratic and Laissez-Faire were the three styles of leadership that were identified. F rom the three identified it was clear that the autocratic was a far more superior style compared to the other two, with Laissez-Faire being the least superior style. Although the Lewin leadership style is an old style it is currently used as it can help leaders to adapt their leadership styles based on these findings. The autocratic style is where the leader makes all the decisions without involving the group (Steinburg, 2008). The leader will not actively participate with the group, and will just give clear directions to group members. This type of leader will sort out the tasks for the team and will not notify members of any future plans. Solely having the knowledge is what gives the leader the confidence to make decisions. The leader when evaluating team members gives praise and criticism freely, but it is given based on their own personal standards rather than based on an objective/unbiased standard (Combe, 2014). This leadership style works best where there is a strict time limit, so group decisions cannot be made or when the leader is knowledgeable enough which produces the confidence to make the best decision (Dam, 2007). I feel that this would not cause misunderstandings within the group as they will

An Act of Kindness Free Essays

Helene Cooper 3/27/13 A Teenage Random Act of Kindness As a teenager not many held much hope for my future. I was constantly in trouble cutting school, fighting, drinking alcohol and just had an outright horrible attitude towards anyone that attempted to set me straight. There were many reasons behind my anger that this paper doesn’t warrant going very deep into. We will write a custom essay sample on An Act of Kindness or any similar topic only for you Order Now I knew right from wrong and I also knew that I wasn’t a â€Å"bad† person. That being said, I found myself suspended from school for 20 days after a fairly brutal fight. Being that my suspension was so long I was required to attend the Option Center in Lawrenceville for my core classes. My mornings now required me to take a bus from Mt. Washington to Downtown and another to Lawrenceville. My afternoons just worked in reverse. My father (who I hadn’t lived with since the age of three) now caring for me, gave me money to get lunch on a daily basis. After my second day was over and I arrived Downtown, I was entering McDonald’s when I noticed an old homeless man sitting with his dog. What made him seem so different to me from the other homeless people that I had encountered was that he looked happy. This both caught my curiosity as well as confused me. A man so seemingly content with having what I thought was nothing. The third day was the same. The same the elderly man covered in dirt with his little dog with matted hair that matched his masters, sitting in the sun taking in the warmth. As I exited McDonald’s I handed the man my lunch. He accepted it with gratuity on his face and I continued my walk to my next bus stop. After walking about a half of a block I heard a raspy voice yell â€Å"Hey! † I turned to find the old man walking very fast after me with his dog in hand and holding the food and drink I had just given him. Being a fifteen year old girl, alone Downtown, I was a little startled to say the least. I began walking faster toward my destination when the man caught up to me. The man, very winded at this point, had one simple question for me. â€Å"Is†¦ this†¦pop†¦diet? † I looked at him confused when he went on to explain that he was diabetic. At this point I felt both a little bad and silly at the same time for making this poor man run after me for such an innocent question. The pop was not, in fact, diet. He thanked me and handed it back to me. I saw this man, whose name was Charlie, every day during my suspension and every day I gave him my lunch, always making sure the pop was diet. How to cite An Act of Kindness, Essay examples

Asymmetry In Facial Emotional Essay Example For Students

Asymmetry In Facial Emotional Essay Asymmetry in Facial Emotional Expression. AbstractResearch in the past has demonstrated that the right hemisphere of the brain is dominant in the perception and expression of emotion. As a result of crossing of the nervous system, the expectation was that the left side of the face would express emotion more intensely than the right. This was tested by using left and right composite faces, showing them to participants, asking them to rate which of the two faces was more intense. The finding was that participants judges the left composites to be more emotionally intense than the right composites, thus supporting the hypothesis that there is asymmetry in the facial expression of emotion. This finding leads to the conclusion that the right hemisphere is dominant in the perception, expression and general procession of emotional information. Crossing over of the nervous system occurs at the decussation of the pyramids , this is a site just above the medulla-spinal cord junction at which the nerve fibres from either side of the bra in cross over to the contralateral side of the body (Marieb, 1998). This means that the sensory information from the right side of the body goes to the contralateral side of the brain, in this case the left hemisphere, and vice versa. Due to this cross over, each hemisphere has motor control over the contralateral side of the body. The brains hemispheres are specialised in their functions, amongst others, the left hemisphere is dominant in language, mathematical reasoning and logical thinking. The right hemisphere is dominant in facial recognition, expression and spatial thinking. These findings that the different hemispheres are specialised in their function have come from experiments performed on those with damage to specific parts of the brain thus being able to isolate the particular damaged area and experiment upon this. Because the hemispheres are specialised in their functions, the psyhcologists in the past have developed theories on asymmetry in emotional perception and expr ession. It has been found from previous studies that the right hemisphere is dominant in facial recognition and expression. It has been proposed that the right side of the face is more openly expressive, while the left side of the face is private (Sackheim, Gur, 1978). Darwin first proposed the importance of expression as a form of communication that had survival value for the human species (Atkinson, Atkinson, Smith, Bem, Nolen-Hoeksema, 1996). Later studies found that there were six distinct emotions that can be reliably recognised universally in the human face. These emotions are surprise, fear, sadness, happiness, anger and disgust. Furthermore, studies have found that the right side of the face is judged as more similar to the whole face than the left. This was done by constructing left and right composites of faces. A composite is constructed by taking a photo and then splitting the face vertically down the centre line then mirroring the two halves to obtain two whole faces, o ne the left composite and one the right. The finding that the right side of the face is more similar to the whole face, thus concluding that there was a bias in the perceiver. This was produced by right hemisphere dominance in facial recognition rather than by actual asymmetry in expression (Sackheim Gur 1978). Nevertheless, the fact that the subjects can find differences in left and right composites, suggests that there is a difference in the expression of emotion by either side of the face. To test if there is asymmetry in the facial expression of emotion, in this experiment left and right composites of faces are presented to subjects who have to rate the intensity of emotion of the two faces. Thus the aim of the experiment was to investigate is facial expression of emotion asymmetrical? As well as are emotions expressed more intensely on the left side of the face as we might expect if the right hemisphere is dominant in the processing and perception of emotional stimuli. Thus,the independent variables are the left and right composite faces and the dependent variable is the proportion of peoplee who chose the left composite face as expressing emotion more intensely. Therefore our hypothesis is that the left side of the face expresses emotion more intensely than the right side of the face . .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a , .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .postImageUrl , .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a , .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:hover , .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:visited , .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:active { border:0!important; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:active , .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef741981480b8e9c44274ccc99ac668a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayMethodParticipantsFor this experiment there were 396 Psychology 100 students at the UWA psychology laboratory. This included varied age groups and the sex of the participants had no influence on this experiment. Students were obliged to take part in the experiment due to course requirements. Thus there was no payment of any kind. Apparatus The materials used in this experiment included a response sheet, which specified top or bottom. MATERIALS CHECK!!Procedure For each trial, two faces were presented simultaneously, one above the other, the faces remained on the screen for 10 seconds. The subjects indicated either the top or the bottom face expressed emotio n more intensely. The response of the subjects was limited to top or bottom thus responses such as neither were not accepted. There were 16 trials which were separated by 20 second intervals, during this time the screen was blank. ResultsThe number of trials on which a single subject selected the LL composite as expressing emotion more intensely were tabulated as a score out of 16. This score was then converted to a proportion (varying from zero to one). Then an average was taken of all the different proportions, thus getting a mean of the amount of times the participants judged the LL composite to have more emotional intensity. For this experiment the mean was 0.546, with a standard deviation of 0.12 (both rounded to two decimal places). The 95% confidence interval has an upper bound of 0.53 and a lower bound of 0.55. This result for the confidence interval shows that 95% of the time, the percentage of faces being chosen being the LL composite will be between the values of 0.53 and 0.55. Thus the proportion of times the LL composite was chosen is greater than the chance level of 0.5. Discussion These results show that the LL composites were judged to be more emotionally expressive than the RR composites. This suggests that the left side of the face expresses emotion more intensely than the right side of the face, thus supporting the hypothesis being tested. This hypothesis is in agreement with Sackheim and Gurs finding in 1978 that the left side of the face shows more emotion more intensely than the right side.